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Flag Fen - latest Ancient Settlement Cambridgeshire

Submitted by coldrum on Saturday, 02 July 2005  Page Views: 12383

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Country: England County: Cambridgeshire Type: Ancient Village or Settlement

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Flag Fen Visitors Centre
Flag Fen Visitors Centre submitted by Andy B : Detail of model from Flag Fen Visitor's Centre showing the how the timber causeway might have originally looked. (Vote or comment on this photo)
Peterborough City Council is to hold two public meetings about plans to build a renewable energy plant near the famous Flag Fen Bronze Age site.
Local residents and businesses will get the opportunity to question the company behind the £250 million, 29-acre waste processing energy park proposed for the site at Fengate in Cambridgeshire.
The two-hour meetings will be held on July 13 at Peterborough Central Library and on July 25 at Peterborough Town Hall Council Chamber.

As previously reported on the 24 Hour Museum, the development has caused concern among residents, as well as staff at Flag Fen who fear it will affect the 20,000 visitors the site receives each year and archaeological remains still in the ground. But Peterborough Renewable Energy Ltd, the company behind it, maintains that the development will be able to work with Flag Fen. In a statement, Managing Director Chris Williams told the 24 Hour Museum: "There are opportunities for the centre to benefit, through exposure and good working relationships."
The developers estimate that the plant could handle more than a million tonnes of waste each year. Innovative technology will then be used to generate electricity by burning the waste along with biomass (organic matter such as plants) at very high temperatures in an oxygen deficient environment.

Rather than be put off by the plant Chris Williams believes that, with its own visitor centre, the energy park could help Flag Fen attract more visitors.

"The estimates for the plant’s own sustainability centre expect 30,000 visitors per year," he said, adding that a shared infrastructure could be developed with the Bronze Age site. "The opportunity for a truly fantastic visitor attraction with archaeology and sustainable living methods at it’s core is a unique selling point and should see numbers rise at Flag Fen."

According to Williams, the company would look to minimise the impact on archaeology during the construction phase by supporting a full pre-construction dig of the site. He also acknowledges that archaeology surrounding the construction site could potentially be affected by drying out, but said the company intends to look for solutions, such as water monitoring and a re-wetting programme.
"In no way do we wish to work against Flag Fen," he added, "however, waste and climate change are very real, very important issues that if not tackled early – and some argue it’s already too late – the soil conditions, water tables and weather cycle we see today will continue to change."

According to Dr Mike Heyworth, director of the Council for British Archaeology (CBA), Flag Fen is "one of our premier prehistoric visitor attractions. One of the few places where people can see an incredible survival of archaeological material."

It was discovered in 1982 by renowned archaeologist and author Dr Francis Pryor. Now president of the CBA and a member of TV’s Time Team, Dr Pryor unearthed a small piece of timber, which turned out to form part of a massive Bronze Age causeway. It continues to yield material today and there is more waiting to be excavated.

Dr Pryor is currently director of archaeology at Flag Fen and told the 24 Hour Museum that he remains very concerned about the development, describing it as "potentially catastrophic."

As well as worries about the construction phase, he raised the issue of unexcavated remains, preserved in the waterlogged peat. It is this wetness, he said, that has and continues to preserve remains in the ground so uniquely and if it dries out the archaeology will be destroyed.
He also highlighted the impact on visitors, which he said is perhaps the most immediate problem. "We are a tourist attraction," he explained, "we opened in 1987 and it’s a struggle to keep going. Peterborough is not a tourist area despite having a magnificent cathedral and we are slowly building up a visitor profile, but everything depends on the atmosphere."

The fear is that where visitors currently enjoy a peaceful and evocative experience at the site, the proposed plant might change that. But that said, Dr Pryor recognises the importance of renewable energy: "Anyone living in the fens has to be in favour of any electricity generation which doesn’t contribute to global warming and I’m wholly in favour, in principle. But," he added, the location of the plant "seems to me really very insensitive." While he considers the possibility of a visitor centre at the plant to be a good idea, he added: "It isn’t going to make up for the impact of the development."

Responsibility for approving or disapproving the planning application lies with the Department for Trade and Industry. The city council has until September to compile a report and make comments for consideration.

For more information about the development visit www.prel-online.co.uk and to see the full planning application online see the Peterborough City Council website.
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Archaeologists Return to Excavate Major 3,300-Year-Old Bronze Age Site by davidmorgan on Saturday, 24 March 2012
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Archaeologists Return to Excavate Major 3,300-Year-Old Bronze Age Site in England

Some of the world's greatest archaeological finds don't emerge as a result of planned investigation. They were accidental. They were stumbled upon. And such was literally the case in 1982 when Francis Pryor, MBE, was in the midst of conducting a survey of dykes in the Peterborough area in England for English Heritage, a public commission responsible for managing historic buildings.

"I was walking back to the pub," says Pryor, "when I caught my foot on a large piece of wood. When I picked up the piece of wood, I looked at it, and then when I spotted the axe marks, about an inch and one-half wide, I knew that it had to be Bronze Age........"

For the following several weeks, Pryor and his team proceeded to excavate along the side of a dyke, in the area where the initial wood sample had been found, and recovered hundreds of additional pieces of similar timber.

"It was fantastic," said Pryor. "I didn't sleep for weeks after that."

They had stumbled upon an archaeologist's gold mine. Dated to 1365–967 BC and now known as Flag Fen, excavations and research uncovered a monumental site which included a causeway composed of thousands of timber posts arranged in five 1-meter-long rows, and a small timber platform partway across the structure. Between the posts of the causeway, timbers had been built up horizontally in ancient times, providing a "bridge" or dry surface for transportation across the wet lowland upon which the timber structures were built, connecting a higher level land area on its east with a higher level area on its west. During the period between about 2,000 B.P. and 900 B.P., the climate in the area became increasingly wet, creating conditions that made it increasingly difficult for the early farmers. The low-lying land where Flag Fen was located became a peat-like, waterlogged environment. Over time, this watery environment created conditions perfect for the preservation of the wooden timbers, including many other organic materials excavated at the site, such as leather and food items. The water had replaced the cellulose structure in the wood and other organic materials and also created an anaerobic (oxygen-less) environment, preventing the growth and activity of organisms and other processes from decaying the material. Excavations have recovered a rich array of finds, including items of shale, stone, metal, jewellery, horse bone, daggers broken in half and placed on top of each other, and England's oldest known wheel. Small white beach pebbles found at the site were made of stone that suggested that they had been transported to the site from a distance. According to some archaeologists, the nature and volume of the finds meant that the site was perhaps a ceremonial or religious centre. Little is known about the inhabitants or builders of the site.

To date, only about 10 percent of the site has been recovered, leaving 90 percent left to be excavated.

But continuing excavations will have to happen in a hurry. Officials estimate that the site will be gone in 30 to 50 years.

Says Pryor, "its drying out, partly because of climate change and partly because of modern development. And as it dries, the timber is basically going to crack and turn into dust. That's why it is essential to keep digging before the site dries out -- it really is a matter of time."

Archaeologists and preservations are making efforts to avert the cultural disaster. To sustain what they have already recovered, preservationists have applied techniques that will preserve the ancient structures from the relentless onslaught of the forces of decay. One measure has involved sprinkler systems, spraying the wood with cooled, filtered water to slow the decay. Another has involved creating an artificial "lake" or mere over the largest part of the ceremonial platform, topping it with water on a weekly basis to maintain the water table at a high enough level to preserve it. The biggest challenge, however, lies in excavating as much as possible of the remaining 90 percent of the site before it disappears due to modern drainage of the land from development projects and climate change.

One effort has been spearheaded by DigVenture, a non-profit enterprise designed to raise seed capital for sustainable archaeological research and conservation projects worldwide. In cooperation with Vivacity, the non-profit organization charged with managing the site under contract with the Peterborough City Council, DigVenture's plan is to raise funds and provide opportunities for members of the public to directly participate in the excavations and research of the site through a grass-roots effort they have dubbed "crowd-funded and crowd-sourced archaeology". Bringing dig and dig support opportunities to the general public through purchased benefits and field school participation, they hope to marshall the resources necessary to launch and sustain an ongoing large-scale excavation and research project, beginning with the first excavation during the summer of 2012.

According to Lisa Westcott Wilkins, Managing Director of DigVentures, "We will build a community with archaeology at its heart, and give people the chance to come and dig with us. Anyone who wants to try archaeology will be able to go to Sponsume (the application website) and purchase a field school benefit. Our goal is to bring the public to the site in greater numbers than ever before as part of our archaeological field school, and also as visitors to the fascinating site itself."

More information about Flag Fen and the most recent efforts to preserve and excavate the site can be found at http://www.digventures.com.
http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/march-2012/article/archaeologists-return-to-excavate-major-3-300-year-old-bronze-age-site-in-england

Submitted by coldrum.
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Re: Flag Fen - latest by Anonymous on Wednesday, 25 February 2009
Purely from a visitor point of view (I have visted Flag Fen having come down from Mersyside on occasion) I think that it would be a disaster to impose more industrial buildings even closer to the site which I and many others I'm sure, have enjoyed.
A big part of the attraction of Flag Fen is it's (almost) isolation where visitors can walk round and absorb themselves in the history of the place and the people that once inhabited the area. This "ambience" will be destroyed if a hulking great industrial plant is within close view. The industry which is already there is close enough.
I too am keen to be envorinmentally responsible and would support a plant like this within an already designated brown field site, but not next to an ancient historic monument such as Flag Fen.

John Coles
Southport
Merseyside
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Re: Flag Fen - latest by Anonymous on Wednesday, 06 July 2005
I HAVE DR. FRANCIS PRYORS BOOK 'SEAHENGE' WHICH MOVES INTO FLAG FEN, I HOPE NOTHING DETRACTS FROM THIS SITE WHICH IS VERY SPECIAL INDEED, HUNTING AND ENJOYNG PREHISTORY IS INCREASING AS RECREATION AND BRINGS TOURISTS THAT TAKE IN MANY ASPECTS OF AN AREA AND THEN WAIT TO HEAR MORE HAS BEEN FOUND INSTINCTIVELY KNOWING MORE WOULD BE; WITH BRITAIN HOSTING OLYMPICS 2012 I THINK REAL CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO PRESERVE PROTECT AND FURTHER RESEARCH AN IMPORTANT SITE LIKE FLAG FEN, INCLUDING IT IN A SPECIAL PREHISTORY ATLAS. I LIVE IN BRISBANE OZ AND ANNUALLY VISIT BRTAIN AND COLLECT MORE SITES, QUITE A CATALOGUE WE HAVE NOW; IN AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL SITES ARE VALUED AND VERY WELL PROTECTED , NEW FINDS CREATE GREAT EXCTEMENT; I HOPE PREHISTORY LOVERS ARE NOT DISAPPOINTED.WITH THE OUTCOME HERE, IT WOULD BE A LOSS TO SPOIL ITS POTENTIAL OF BEING EVEN BETTER...........GOOD LUCK WITH THE DEBATES.....THANKS...OZ PENGUIN
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