Swiss archaeologist digs up West Africa's past
Submitted by coldrum on Saturday, 03 February 2007 Page Views: 908
DiscoveriesA Swiss led team of archaeologists has discovered pieces of the oldest African pottery in central Mali, dating back to at least 9,400BC.The sensational find by Geneva University's Eric Huysecom and his international research team, at Ounjougou near the Unesco listed Bandiagara cliffs, reveals important information about man's interaction with nature.
The age of the sediment in which they were found suggests that the six ceramic fragments discovered between 2002 and 2005 are at least 11,400 years old. Most ancient ceramics from the Middle East and the central and eastern Sahara regions are 10,000 and between 9, 10,000 years old, respectively.
"At the beginning, the very first piece we found stayed in my desk drawer for years, as I didn't realise how old it was," Huysecom told swiss info.
Huysecom heads a 50 strong interdisciplinary team, composed of 28 international researchers mainly from Germany, Mali, Switzerland, France and Britain on the largest current archaeological research project in Africa, entitled "Human population and paleo environment in West Africa".
Ounjougou was selected as the location, "as everything led us to believe that there we could follow the evolution of man, the environment and the climate", explained Huysecom.
The site is an archaeologist's dream: a ravine made up of layers of easy to date sediment rich in West African history.
Since the launch of the project in 1997, the team has made numerous discoveries about ancient stone cutting techniques and tools, and other important findings that shed light on human development in the region.
But the unearthing of the ancient fragments of burnt clay is one of the most significant to date. Huysecom is convinced that pottery was invented in West Africa to enable man to adapt to climate change.
"Apart from finding the oldest ceramic in Africa, the interesting thing is that it gives us information about when and under what circumstances man can invent new things, such as pottery," he explained.
"And the invention of ceramic is linked to specific environmental conditions, the transformation of the region from desert into grassland."
Some 10,000 years ago, at the end of the ice age, the climate is thought to have fluctuated between warm and cold periods. This led to the formation of an 800 kilometre wide band of tropical vegetation extending northwards from the Sahel region, which attracted people who slowly moved north from southern and central Africa.
Wild grasses and pearl millet started sprouting on the former desert land. But for man to be able to eat and properly digest the new plants, they had to be stored and cooked in pots.
"Man had to adapt his food and way of life by inventing pottery," said the Geneva professor.
The invention of ceramic also coincided with that of small arrowheads also discovered by the team and which were probably used to hunt hares, pheasants and other small game on the grassy plains.
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