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Description
8569 Temple Mound- Kolomoki Mounds Historic State Park, 205 Indian Mound Road, Blakely, Early, GA. April 24, 2013.
"Temple Mound a Hard Nut to Crack"
"You are looking at the great temple mound, Mound A. It measure 325 by 200 feet at the base, or about the size of a football field. It is approximately 56.6 feet high. It would take almost 11.5 million one-gallon buckets full of dirt to build this mound! Where did all the dirt come from? Some say the dirt came from the gully to the east of Mound A, but a civil engineer calculated that there would have been only enough dirt for one foot of the base.
Several excavations have been undertaken on this mound. William H. Sears excavated a 10 by 20 foot trench at the base of the mound on the southwest side to your right. He also dug a 10 by 10 foot area on the top of the mound, where he found a white clay layer capped by red clay layer. He found very few artifacts. The only other work on the mound was undertaken by Smithsonian archaeologist Edward Palmer in 1884. A small text excavation found very few artifacts. Palmer found the clay cap to be very hard. In a letter he wrote: '...as to that large mound- the lesser Andes (sic) - an earthquake and dynamite will be required.' Although common at the time, the use of dynamite is no longer acceptalbe as a means for archaeological excavation."
"Timeline"
"Woodland Stage"
"3000 B.C.
Ceramic Late Archaic
Pottery is made in North America. The earliest date for pottery is from Stallings Island, Georgia. Stalling pottery is distinguished by the use of plant fibers mixed into the clay.
900 B.C.
Early
The manufacture and use of pottery expands rapidly during this period. Cord marked pottery is very common and the bow and arrow come into use. Agriculture begins with cultivation of corn, squash and peppers.
200 B.C.
Middle
Native groups begin to construct elaborate ceremonial earthworks. The trade of exotic goods like mica, obsidian, copper, and shell flourish. Kolomoki is established and other sites, including Mandeville and Swift Creek are inhabited.
300 A.D.
Late
Across the Southeast, populations increase as a more sedentary lifeway is adopted. In southwest Georgia, larger villages are abandoned for smaller farmsteads. Agriculture and dairy use expand, and new varieties of corn, beans, and squash are introduced.
1000 A.D.
Mississippian
The Southern Cult appears in the Southeast. Temple mounds and ceremonial earthworks are prominent. In Georgia, the most elaborate villages are located at Ocmulgee, Macon, and at Cemochechobee on the Chattahoochee River. From 1539 to 1542, Hernando DeSoto travels through this region and encounters Mississippian groups.
1500 A.D."
Image copyright: DJEPS (Edward), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API.
"Temple Mound a Hard Nut to Crack"
"You are looking at the great temple mound, Mound A. It measure 325 by 200 feet at the base, or about the size of a football field. It is approximately 56.6 feet high. It would take almost 11.5 million one-gallon buckets full of dirt to build this mound! Where did all the dirt come from? Some say the dirt came from the gully to the east of Mound A, but a civil engineer calculated that there would have been only enough dirt for one foot of the base.
Several excavations have been undertaken on this mound. William H. Sears excavated a 10 by 20 foot trench at the base of the mound on the southwest side to your right. He also dug a 10 by 10 foot area on the top of the mound, where he found a white clay layer capped by red clay layer. He found very few artifacts. The only other work on the mound was undertaken by Smithsonian archaeologist Edward Palmer in 1884. A small text excavation found very few artifacts. Palmer found the clay cap to be very hard. In a letter he wrote: '...as to that large mound- the lesser Andes (sic) - an earthquake and dynamite will be required.' Although common at the time, the use of dynamite is no longer acceptalbe as a means for archaeological excavation."
"Timeline"
"Woodland Stage"
"3000 B.C.
Ceramic Late Archaic
Pottery is made in North America. The earliest date for pottery is from Stallings Island, Georgia. Stalling pottery is distinguished by the use of plant fibers mixed into the clay.
900 B.C.
Early
The manufacture and use of pottery expands rapidly during this period. Cord marked pottery is very common and the bow and arrow come into use. Agriculture begins with cultivation of corn, squash and peppers.
200 B.C.
Middle
Native groups begin to construct elaborate ceremonial earthworks. The trade of exotic goods like mica, obsidian, copper, and shell flourish. Kolomoki is established and other sites, including Mandeville and Swift Creek are inhabited.
300 A.D.
Late
Across the Southeast, populations increase as a more sedentary lifeway is adopted. In southwest Georgia, larger villages are abandoned for smaller farmsteads. Agriculture and dairy use expand, and new varieties of corn, beans, and squash are introduced.
1000 A.D.
Mississippian
The Southern Cult appears in the Southeast. Temple mounds and ceremonial earthworks are prominent. In Georgia, the most elaborate villages are located at Ocmulgee, Macon, and at Cemochechobee on the Chattahoochee River. From 1539 to 1542, Hernando DeSoto travels through this region and encounters Mississippian groups.
1500 A.D."
Image copyright: DJEPS (Edward), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API.
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