By Clive Bonsall, Maria Gurova, Nedko Elenski, Georgi Ivanov, Aneta Bakamska, Georgi Ganetsovski, Radka Zlateva-Uzunova, Vladimir Slavchev
Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology 7(1), 37-59 [2017]
The obsidian artefacts that are the focus of the present paper came from five archaeological sites – Ohoden-Valoga, Dzhulyunitsa-Smardesh and Varna cemeteries I and III in northern Bulgaria, and Dzherman in the southwest of the country
At Ohoden, Dzhulyunitsa and Dzherman the obsidian pieces were recovered from Early Neolithic contexts, while the Varna finds have Late Chalcolithic associations.
Ohoden-Valoga
This Early Neolithic site, near the modern village of Ohoden in northwest Bulgaria, occupies an area of ca 12,000 m2 on a terrace of the Skat river. Field research suggests the river has changed its course since the Neolithic, when it fiowed ca 200 m closer to the settlement. Geomorphological investigations point to several episodes of flooding during the Neolithic occupation of Ohoden, which may have been responsible for the eventual abandonment of the settlement.
Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry was used to obtain source determinations for 11 obsidian artefacts from the five archaeological sites in Bulgaria. The results show that all the archaeological specimens can be linked to obsidian sources in the Carpathian Mountains in the border region between Hungary and Slovakia. Obsidian from the C2E source in Hungary occurred in very early Neolithic contexts at Dzhulyunitsa, while the majority of samples from later contexts at Ohoden, Dzherman and Varna came mainly from the Slovakian (C1) source. The data hint at a shift from the use of C2 obsidian in the Neolithic before 5900 cal BC, to a preference for C1 obsidian in later periods – however, more finds and better contextual and chronological data are required to verify this trend.
https://www.academia.edu/33688795/Tracing_the_source_of_obsidian_from_prehistoric_sites_in_Bulgaria_2017_
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