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<< Image Pages >> Warren Field - Ancient Village or Settlement in Scotland in Aberdeenshire

Submitted by Andy B on Wednesday, 28 September 2016  Page Views: 23677

Multi-periodSite Name: Warren Field Alternative Name: Crathes Castle
Country: Scotland County: Aberdeenshire Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Aberdeen  Nearest Village: Banchory
Map Ref: NO73939670  Landranger Map Number: 38
Latitude: 57.060605N  Longitude: 2.43147W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
 1 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
 no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
 3 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
 4

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Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by Andy B : Please can we have some captions for these images... Image Credit: University of Birmingham (Vote or comment on this photo)
The site of Warren Field in Scotland revealed two unusual and enigmatic features; an alignment of pits and a large, rectangular feature interpreted as a timber building. Excavations confirmed that the timber structure was an early Neolithic building and that the pits had been in use from the Mesolithic.

(See below for discussion of the Mesolithic pit alignment.)

The timber building excavated in 2004 by Murray Archaeological Services Ltd was 24m long and 9m wide externally, with fairly straight side walls and rounded ends. The interior, which was c.22.5 x 8m and divided by partitions into four distinct areas.

A large pit was situated on the long axis at each end of the building. Most of the timbers in the external walls had been charred, in many cases extending to and including the base of the post. In some instances the charring was up to 50-60mm thick, resulting in the survival of a charred outer casing of the timber around the rotted core.

Analysis of the 21 radiocarbon measurements obtained from the charred structural timbers and charcoal from post-holes provides estimates for the start of the use of the hall of 3820-3720 cal BC (95% probability; Boundary start;)and very probably 3810-3760 cal BC (68% probability) and the end of use of 3780-3690 cal BC (95% probability; end) and very probably 3780-3700 cal BC (68% probability). The span of use of the hall is estimated at 1-90 years (95% probability; and probably 1-50 years (68% probability).

Source, with a diagram at Chronologies.co.uk and see also the Canmore record.

Note: Mesolithic Deeside, Friday, Sept 30th talk by Caroline Wickham-Jones and even more on Sat October 1st at Crathes Castle. Sounds like a very interesting day. See the most recent comment on our page
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Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by Andy B : Vultures circle as the pyre from the cremated remains of the University of Birmingham team ("a truly vibrant, global community and an internationally-renowned institution") dies down. This is following the intervention of other archaeologists sceptical of the archaeoastronomical alignments proposed in "Time and a Place: A luni-solar ‘time reckoner’ from 8th millennium BC Scotland, availa... (Vote or comment on this photo)

Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by Andy B : I think these images are supposed to show a solstice alignment. I'm not sure what the fire pit is intended to signify. Hopefully a look at the paper will clarify things. Image Credit: University of Birmingham (1 comment - Vote or comment on this photo)

Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by Andy B : "Unfortunately there's nothing interesting to see at the site of Warren Field so look at my super new laptop which comes complete with its own miniature geophysicist" Image Credit: University of Birmingham (5 comments - Vote or comment on this photo)

Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by golux : Illustration of how the lunar/solar "calendar" pits would have worked. This row of pits, laid out about 10,000 years ago and in continuous use for 4,000 years, allows the tracking of the moon through the year and through its phases, and is also aligned on the sunrise on the midwinter solstice. "The 50 metre long row of 12 main pits was arranged as an arc facing a v-shaped dip in the horizon... (3 comments - Vote or comment on this photo)

Warren Field
Warren Field submitted by Andy B : Ground plan of the excavated Warren Field ‘hall’ showing the timber outline, the internal spaces, the two-apsidal area and the axial Pits. Source: A Tale of the Unknown Unknowns: A Mesolithic Pit Alignment and a Neolithic Timber Hall at Warren Field, Crathes, Aberdeenshire

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 623m SSE 164° Milton of Crathes* Class I Pictish Symbol Stone (NO741961)
 1.0km SW 218° Balbridie Neolithic Timber Hall Ancient Village or Settlement (NO733959)
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 2.6km S 182° Cairnshee Enclosure Souterrain (Fogou, Earth House) (NO738941)
 3.0km SSE 150° Cairnfauld* Stone Circle (NO754941)
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 4.8km SSW 200° Esslie The Lesser* Stone Circle (NO72259215)
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 5.6km SSW 203° Esslie The Greater* Stone Circle (NO71729159)
 5.6km ESE 107° Clune Wood* Cairn (NO7934695036)
 5.7km W 264° Inchmarlo* Standing Stone (Menhir) (NO68249613)
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 6.4km SSW 197° Midtown Ancient Village or Settlement (NO720906)
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 6.8km SSW 200° Midtown Ancient Village or Settlement (NO715903)
 7.1km ESE 108° Elsick Mounth* Ancient Trackway (NO807945)
 7.6km ESE 102° South Brachmont Artificial Mound (NO814950)
 7.9km NNE 18° East Finnercy Cairn (NJ764042)
 8.8km WSW 245° Bucharn* Round Cairn (NO65949300)
 8.8km NNE 31° Cullerlie* Stone Circle (NJ7851104275)
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"Warren Field" | Login/Create an Account | 20 News and Comments
  
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Re: Crathes Castle by mae on Thursday, 04 February 2021
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A link to the Aberdeenshire Council Historic Environment Record for Warren Field including photos and information sources (last updated 24.06.2020): https://online.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/smrpub/master/detail.aspx?tab=main&refno=NO79NW0013
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Elements and cosmologies during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition by Andy B on Thursday, 23 November 2017
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This has a long section on Warren Field

(Re)creating the world in everyday engagements: a material approach to elements and cosmologies during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition - Ellen Mcinnes

https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/54576800/FULL_TEXT.PDF

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Time and a Place: A luni-solar 'time-reckoner' from 8th millennium BC Scotland by Andy B on Friday, 13 October 2017
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Time and a Place: A luni-solar 'time-reckoner' from 8th millennium BC Scotland
Vincent Gaffney, Simon Fitch, Eleanor Ramsey, Ron Yorston, Eugene Ch'ng, Eamonn Baldwin, Richard Bates, Christopher Gaffney, Clive Ruggles, Tom Sparrow, Anneley McMillan, Dave Cowley, Shannon Fraser, Charles Murray, Hilary Murray, Emma Hopla9 and Andy Howard

The capacity to conceptualise and measure time is amongst the most important achievements of human societies, and the issue of when time was 'created' by humankind is critical in understanding how society has developed. A pit alignment, recently excavated in Aberdeenshire (Scotland), provides an intriguing contribution to this debate. This structure, dated to the 8th millennium BC, has been re-analysed and appears to possess basic calendrical functions. The site may therefore provide the earliest evidence currently available for 'time reckoning' as the pit group appears to mimic the phases of the Moon and is structured to track lunar months. It also aligns on the south east horizon and a prominent topographic point associated with sunrise on the midwinter solstice. In doing so the monument anticipates problems associated with simple lunar calendars by providing an annual astronomic correction in order to maintain the link between the passage of time indicated by the Moon, the asynchronous solar year, and the associated seasons. The evidence suggests that hunter-gatherer societies in Scotland had both the need and ability to track time across the year, and also perhaps within the month, and that this occurred at a period nearly five thousand years before the first formal calendars were created in Mesopotamia.

V. Gaffney et al. 2013 'Time and a Place: A luni-solar 'time-reckoner' from 8th millennium BC Scotland', Internet Archaeology 34.
https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.34.1
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House Societies and the Beginning of the British Neolithic by Julian Thomas by Andy B on Tuesday, 24 January 2017
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House Societies and the Beginning of the British Neolithic 2016. In: J. Debert, M. Larsson and J. Thomas (eds)
In Dialogue: Tradition and Interaction in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition, 3-10. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

Extract:
Many of the British halls had a central, axial passage, defined by pairs of posts. These effectively form a series of ‘doorways’, which in some cases run between
sets of lateral bays that flank the axial passage. Interestingly, this arrangement of a central passage with a series of bays on either side was later replicated by the stalled cairns of Orkney, where the side compartments held benches which received the remains of the dead (Davidson and Henshall 1989).

One possible implication of this organisation of space is that the bayed areas were each associated with a particular social segment. Amongst the timber halls, it is likely that these pairs of large uprights would have been the first element of the building that was constructed, establishing the hall and its community.

In the Scottish halls, very large posts became a more emphatic theme, enhancing the principal entrance at Warren Field, for example. While Warren Field and Lockerbie had a central aisle and lateral bays (Kirby 2011: 7), Claish and Balbridie had a very different structure. Entering these buildings, the visitor is confronted by lateral screens, which turns them to either left or right, so that they would have to progress around the inside of the outer wall (Topping 1996: 164). Further internal partitions them defined a series of graded lateral spaces.

While it is entirely possible that Claish and Balbridie were inhabited by at least a caretaker community, the comparison with White Horse Stone demonstrates that over time the priorities of hall-building had shifted in favour of the structured organisation of movement and experience, establishing very particular conditions for social encounters and performances.

As Kenneth Brophy (2007: 86) has observed, these were not simply farmhouses. At Warren Field, the two largest posts were set at either end of the central aisle, and the excavators argue that these were non-structural timbers, which were dug out and removed before the building was deliberately destroyed by fire (Murray, Murray and Fraser 2009: 58).

Conclusion
Halls and houses were a distinctive development during the very first phase of the Neolithic in Britain. People who were adopting domesticated plants and animals and using new forms of material culture, including prestige goods, found themselves in conflict with the established norms of hunter-gatherer society. The accumulation of collective wealth and prestige was incompatible with sharing and social levelling mechanisms. The formation of bounded and exclusive corporate groups was the means by which this contradiction could be overcome, and large timber halls were the innovation by which the transformation was effected.

However, it appears that the process was short-lived. In each region, timber halls belong to the first century or two of the Neolithic, and they then declined (Whittle, Healy and Bayliss 2011: 840). But this decline was matched by a complementary growth in the numbers of mortuary monuments. Although some of these can be very early in date, they generally became more numerous shortly after the disappearance of the halls. It was not quite that long barrows and megalithic tombs ‘replaced’ timber halls, so much as that they did a more restricted range of things in a more emphatic manner.

Rather than being dwelling-places, meeting-places, places for subsistence activities, places of ritual and social foci, mortuary monuments were massively durable symbols of collective identity and containers for the founding generations. As the continental innovations of the Neolithic began to be ‘bedded down’ and adapted to the insular context, it may be that these became a more suitable

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Mesolithic Deeside, Friday, Sept 30th and Sat October 1st by Andy B on Wednesday, 28 September 2016
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Date(s)
Friday, September 30, 2016 - 19:00 to Saturday, October 1, 2016 - 16:00

Mesolithic Deeside
Horsemill, Crathes Castle 30 September-1 October 2016

30 September
7pm Caroline Wickham-Jones – talk - Mesolithic Deeside

Saturday 1 October
11am Shannon Fraser – talk - Crathes Castle Mesolithic pit alignment

1pm and 3pm Heather Sabnis – talk - Discovering Mesolithic Crathes

ALL DAY – bring along flints and other stones for identification
- flint sessions – handle flints from the Mesolithic Deeside sites and talk to archaeologists
- events for children

Outdoor events by Brian Wilkinson 10am-4pm

FREE including free parking at Crathes Castle car parks

More details at
http://www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk/events/mesolithic-deeside
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Investigating the Possibility of Astronomical Connections at the Mesolithic and Neoli by Andy B on Friday, 13 June 2014
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Investigating the Possibility of Astronomical Connections at the Mesolithic and Neolithic Crathes Warren Field Site by Andrew Smith and Gail Higginbottom

Within the remit of a holistic study of the Crathes Warren Field are considerations of the kinds of importance this site might have had for the creators and depositors of the pit alignment placed upon a local ridge and the erectors of the hall on small local, low plateau. It is the purpose of this section to consider what, if any, astronomical relevance the site might have had for these people. In the last 40 years archaeoastronomy has held a strong place in the area of earthen and megalithic monuments of the British Isles, along side those that spread across to the Eurasian steppes, as well as other non-literate cultures down to the Iron Age
(Burl 1993, 1979; Bekbassar, 1999, Higginbottom et al. 2013; 1999, Hoskin 2001, Ruggles 1984, Patrick 1974, Thom 1971, Piggott 1968).

The monuments usually considered ranged from tombs, post hole and stone alignments and circles, avenues, and entrances to structures, and alignments between these structures. In considering the Mesolithic alignment of large pits at Warren Field we are entering fairly uncharted waters, for alignments or astronomical associations of this period are not usually studied so closely using detailed location, orientation and landscape data along with computer-generated landscapes and astronomical calculations. It is through this study that we hope to show how such sites can be considered aiding in further understanding of Crathes itself, along with some deliberation of future development of the methodological approaches.

Conclusions – Part 2: Final Say
Thus we can begin to see that whilst monument form is central to the negotiations of astronomical alignments, it is ultimately the chosen place that is central to the astronomical arguments and findings (q.v. Higginbottom et al. 2001, Higginbottom 2003). Here it is possible that through the cyclic nature of the astronomical phenomena and the repeated depositions at the pits that the pits, the Hall and the sky are interwoven in memories and values. It is through the various events that have taken place at Crathes – the construction of the Hall and the pits, these repeated depositions, the erecting and disassembling and burning - are all the ways these people negotiated and expressed their values and knowledge, of which celestial bodies are likely to have played some part.

https://www.academia.edu/7017868/Investigating_the_Possibility_of_Astronomical_Connections_at_the_Mesolithic_and_Neolithic_Crathes_Warren_Field_Site
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Re: Crathes Castle by megalith6 on Monday, 09 June 2014
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Is there a current discussion about the Crathes Castle alignment/s please? They seem rather informal to me if by 'alignment' a back and fore sight are required in order to qualify for the term? Or possibly the precision of the sightings has also been revealed?

Thanks.

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Do you think a Mesolithic calendar at Warren Field is plausible? by Andy B on Thursday, 18 July 2013
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We haven't had a poll for ages:
Do you think a Mesolithic calendar at Warren Field is plausible?

Vote here
http://www.megalithic.co.uk/pollBooth.php?pollID=84
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Warren Field - The Beginning of Time? by Andy B on Tuesday, 16 July 2013
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Video interview with Vince Gaffney



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Possible 'world's oldest calendar' discovered in Scottish field by Andy B on Tuesday, 16 July 2013
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British archaeologists have discovered what they believe to be the world’s oldest ‘calendar’, created by hunter-gatherer societies and dating back to around 8,000 BC.

The Mesolithic monument was originally excavated in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, by the National Trust for Scotland in 2004. Now analysis by a team led by the University of Birmingham, published in the journal Internet Archaeology, sheds new light on the luni-solar device, which pre-dates the first formal time-measuring devices known to Man, found in the Near East, by nearly 5,000 years.

The capacity to measure time is among the most important of human achievements and the issue of when time was ‘created’ by humankind is critical in understanding how society has developed.

Until now the first formal calendars appear to have been created in Mesopotamia c, 5000 years ago. But during this project, the researchers discovered that a monument created by hunter gatherers in Aberdeenshire nearly 10,000 years ago appears to mimic the phases of the Moon in order to track lunar months over the course of a year.

The site, at Warren Field, Crathes, also aligns on the Midwinter Sunrise, providing an annual astronomic correction in order to maintain the link between the passage of time, indicated by the Moon, the asynchronous solar year and the associated seasons.

Project leader Vince Gaffney, Professor of Landscape Archaeology at the University of Birmingham, comments: ‘The evidence suggests that hunter gatherer societies in Scotland had both the need and sophistication to track time across the years, to correct for seasonal drift of the lunar year and that this occurred nearly 5,000 years before the first formal calendars known in the Near East.

‘In doing so, this illustrates one important step towards the formal construction of time and therefore history itself.’

Dr Richard Bates, of the University of St Andrews, comments: St Andrews has an established reputation for remote sensing studies of early prehistoric sites in Scotland but the site at Warren Field is unique. It provides exciting new evidence for the earlier Mesolithic in Scotland demonstrating the sophistication of these early societies and revealing that 10,000 years ago hunter gatherers constructed monuments that helped them track time. This is the earliest example of such a structure and there is no known comparable site in Britain or Europe for several thousands of years after the monument at warren Fields was constructed.

The Warren Field site was first discovered as unusual crop marks spotted from the air by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS). Dave Cowley, Aerial Survey projects manager at RCAHMS, said: ‘We have been taking photographs of the Scottish landscape for nearly 40 years, recording thousands of archaeological sites that would never have been detected from the ground. Warren Field stands out as something special, however. It is remarkable to think that our aerial survey may have helped to find the place where time itself was invented.’

Clive Ruggles, Emeritus Professor of Archaeoastronomy at the University of Leicester, who advised the team, points out that “the site did not mark particular moonrises as the changing patterns of moonrise are far too complex – the argument is that it represents a combination of several different cycles which can be used to track time symbolically and practically. There are certainly hunter-gatherer societies who use the phase cycles of the moon to help synchronise different seasonal activities but it is remarkable that this could have been monumentalised at such an early period.’

From 2004-6 the National Trust for Scotland excavated the Warren Field pit alignment, which lies on its Crathes Castle Estate, in collaboration with Murray Archaeological Services. The Trust's Archaeologist for Eastern Scotland, Dr Shannon Fraser, said: 'This is a remarkable monument, which is so far unique

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Re: Crathes Castle by Anonymous on Monday, 15 July 2013
Today's report in BBC.co.uk: -



I'd like to hear more about this please!
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    Re: Crathes Castle by Anonymous on Monday, 15 July 2013
    Sorry, the web link for this is:

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-23286928
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    Re: Crathes Castle by golux on Tuesday, 16 July 2013
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    'World's oldest calendar' discovered in Scottish field!

    This really deserves some attention: crop marks seen in aerial photographs of Aberdeenshire led to on-site investigations from 2004 to 2006; subsequent computer analysis revealed a line of pits, dated to the 8th millennium BC, constructed to form a lunar calendar with a built-in method of correction to synchronise with solar or seasonal calendars. All this "at a period nearly five thousand years before the first formal calendars were created in Mesopotamia"!

    Quoted from Internet Archaeology (http://intarch.ac.uk) which has the full report in the current issue (34). I have posted the diagram of alignments as a photo, hopefully this is now displayed above.

    BTW this post is headed "Re: Crathes Castle" but it should be "Re: Warren Field". Crathes Castle is the alternative name for this site but it has nothing to do with the nearby historic Crathes Castle.
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    Re: Crathes Castle by golux on Tuesday, 16 July 2013
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    More details in The Independent's report - click here.
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    The site of Warren Field in Scotland revealed two unusual and enigmatic features by Andy B on Tuesday, 16 July 2013
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    Some background from the introduction to A Tale of the Unknown Unknowns: A Mesolithic Pit Alignment and a Neolithic Timber Hall at Warren Field, Crathes, Aberdeenshire by Hilary K. Murray, J. C. Murray and Caroline Fraser, 2009

    The site of Warren Field in Scotland revealed two unusual and enigmatic features; an alignment of pits and a large, rectangular feature interpreted as a timber building. Excavations confirmed that the timber structure was an early Neolithic building and that the pits had been in use from the Mesolithic. This report details the excavations and reveals that the hall was associated with the storage and or consumption of cereals, including bread wheat, and pollen evidence suggests that the hall may have been part of a larger area of activity involving cereal cultivation and processing. The pits are fully documented and environmental evidence sheds light on the surrounding landscape.

    This book is currently on offer from Oxbow books for £7.95, which is rather better value than the current paper...

    http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/a-tale-of-the-unknown-unknowns.html
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Stone Age long barrows housed the living as well as the dead by Andy B on Thursday, 05 July 2012
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Julian Thomas writes :

The Neolithic era, when humans began to grow crops and domesticate animals, is generally thought to have its origins some 8000 years ago in the Middle East and spread across Europe to the British Isles. Exactly when it "arrived" in Britain, however, has been the subject of a lively but unresolved debate. This revolves around the question of whether innovations such as domesticating plants and animals, and making pots, polished stone tools and monuments were introduced from the continent by a migrating population - or adopted by indigenous hunter-gatherers.

Recently, these debates have been further enlivened by the emergence of a more precise chronology for the period, based on research by Alasdair Whittle and Frances Healy at Cardiff University, UK, and Alex Bayliss at English Heritage. This provides better radiometric dating and applies Bayesian statistical modelling to radiocarbon dates.

More in New Scientist and see also here.
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Aberdeenshire SMR - NO79NW0013 - WARREN FIELD, CRATHES by Andy B on Thursday, 05 July 2012
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Cropmark of a timber hall; cropmarks reveal what is probably the wall-trench of a rectangular timber building with internal pits which probably indicates the positions of roof supports; appears to have a semi-circular annexe on W end. Was originally thought to be Dark Age or medieval but has been dated to the Neolithic

Images of the excavation here:
http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/smrpub/shire/print.aspx?refno=NO79NW0013

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Crathes Castle by cosmic on Monday, 17 October 2005
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Acccording to Scottish Archeological News (Spring 2005) one of the features turned out to be the remains of an early Neolithic timber building like those at Balbirnie (Aberdeenshire) and Claish Farm (Stirlingshire).

The building was some 20m long by 9m wide.

Further excavations are planned.
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    Re: Crathes Castle by Anonymous on Friday, 10 February 2006
    ? Do you mean BALBRIDIE Neolithic timber hall ? OR is there another at Balbirnie. . .?

    Alan D. Fairweather
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Crathes Castle by cosmic on Monday, 17 October 2005
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A two week trial excavation was undertaken in Warren Field at Crathes in May 2004. This followed arieal photgraphs in the very dry summer of 1976 which showed up a large number of features in the field.
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