Venetianer-Stollen Ancient Mine, Quarry or other Industry : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map:

<< Other Photo Pages >> Venetianer-Stollen - Ancient Mine, Quarry or other Industry in Germany in North Rhine-Westphalia

Submitted by Harald_Platta on Tuesday, 21 April 2015 Page Views: 1977

Multi-periodSite Name: Venetianer-Stollen
Country: Germany Land: North Rhine-Westphalia Type: Ancient Mine, Quarry or other Industry
Nearest Town: Bestwig
Latitude: 51.304545N Longitude: 8.397007E
Condition:

5	Perfect
4	Almost Perfect
3	Reasonable but with some damage
2	Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1	Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0	No data.
-1	Completely destroyed

5 Ambience:

5	Superb
4	Good
3	Ordinary
2	Not Good
1	Awful
0	No data.

4 Access:

5	Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4	Short walk on a footpath
3	Requiring a bit more of a walk
2	A long walk
1	In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0	No data.

3 Accuracy:

5	co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4	co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3	co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2	co-ordinates of the nearest village
1	co-ordinates of the nearest town
0	no data

5

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The Venetianer-Stollen in Bestwig (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) has been described as one of the oldest mine galleries north of the Alps.

The mine gallery is 154 m long. At the entrance the highth is 1.70 m and the width is 0.90 m, while they are reduced to 1.30 m and 0.60 m at the end part. The back pilot heading („Firststollen“) is 0.85 m – 0.90 m high and 0.50 m – 0.55 m broad.

A comparative geologic study suggested in 1936, that the mine gallery stems from the Bronze Age and was built around 1.500 BC. According to this study as well as local legends, the mine belonged to the still mysterious, less well described Venetianern (also called Veneter or Walen). They came from southern parts of Europe or the eastern Alps and searched for lead ore (galenite) and zinc ore in Bestwig.
However, a more recent radiocarbon-dating study, based on coal remains found in the mine, could not support an use prior to the 10th century AD.

In either case, the Venetianer-Stollen in Bestwig is one of the oldest remaining examples of mining activity in Central Europe.

Literature:
[01] Quiring, H.: Der bronzezeitliche „Venetianerstollen“ von
Ramsbeck. In: Zeitschrift für das Berg-, Hütten- und Salinenwesen im Deutschen Reich (1936).
[02] Paeckelmann, W.: Die geologischen Grundlagen des Ramsbecker
Bergbaus. In: Verein Deutscher Bergleute (Hrsg.): Glückauf. Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung für den Niederrhein und Westfalen. Nr. 18 (1937).
[03] Reinighaus, W. & Köhne, R.: Berg-, Hütten- und Hammerwerke im
Herzogtum Westfalen im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit (2008).
[04] Podufal, P.: Die Geologie der Blei-Zink-Lagerstätte Ramsbeck im
östlichen Rheinischen Schiefergebirge. In: Michael Senger, Schieferbergbau-Heimatmuseum (Schmallenberg): Bergbau im Sauerland. Westfälisches Schieferbergbaumuseum, Schmallenberg-Holthausen (1996).
[05] Hochsauerlandkreis – Untere Landschaftsbehörde: Landschaftsplan
Bestwig, Meschede (2008).

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