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Re: Uley Bury, from book 'Uley - A Cotswold Village' by AngieLake on Thursday, 07 March 2013

While reading this book, published in 1983, as a part of some Celtic Britain research, I read this about Uley Bury:
(NB: here the fort is described as 'univallate', but Drew found it to be described as 'bivallate'.)

“The Celtic tribe which occupied this area was the Dobunni, originally from Belgium. They lived mainly in the villages and towns set on fortified hilltops, and by far the largest of these in the Cotswolds was Uley Bury. It is also one of the best preserved.

The site occupies 32 acres. It is surrounded by a ditch (fossa), which is unusually wide because the bank (vallum) surrounding the ditch seems to have been created from soil removed from the inside; the result is a wide sloping terrace between the bank and the level occupation area in the centre, in which some enclosures have been identified by aerial photography. The camp is univallate (one rampart only); its naturally defensive position would make further fortification unnecessary. The rampart follows the spurs of the hill and may have been faced by dry-stone walling.

There were three entrances. The north entrance from Crawley Hill would have been the main one, though a dig in 1976 revealed little of interest here. At the second entrance, in the south-east corner, undisturbed remains of a small Iron Age gateway were revealed, with holes which would have been the footings of a timber gate, and an Iron Age cobbled road. Other finds were: a bronze ring with a headed pin, a blue glass bead, a horse bit, a pinannular brooch, and shale bracelets from Dorset. Between these two entrances, and between two limestone slabs, was found a skeleton in a knees-to-chest crouched position. This helps to date the earthworks to between the second and third century B.C.

We can make some informed guesses about the life of the Dobunni in such a fortified village. They were farmers and kept small black cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, poultry and dogs. They grew wheat, barley, beans, sathen (similar to spinach), and apples. Their diet was therefore varied; they ate porridge sweetened with honey, fish baked in clay, spit-roasted pork, milk, cheese, and boiled beef. One method of stewing meat was to heat large stones in the fire and throw them into wooden troughs to bring the water to the boil.
Houses were round pit-dwellings with a straw-covered mud floor, dry-stone walls, and a roof of straw and rush held up by wooden posts; in the centre would be a fire.
Woollen cloth was used to make cloaks and tunics, coloured by dyes made from saffron (yellow), and lichens (purple and red). The Dobunni made coins and iron currency bars, sophisticated jewellery, and used swords and spears as well as slings and stones.

During the two or three hundred years prior to the Roman Conquest there was probably a considerable degree of stability and a more sophisticated civilization than is commonly realised. And even before Caesar’s landing in 55 B.C. there was a good deal of trade between the Roman-occupied continent and Celtic Britain.”


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