French report of the same research:
It is a very important discovery was made in the Grotte de Treilles into the town of St. John and St. Paul. Men from the Middle East, probably from Anatolia (Turkey), lived in the fourth millennium BC in Aveyron.
This discovery, made by French researchers, was made possible by DNA analysis of teeth from skulls found in the cave. The analysis showed that "the majority of subjects were men buried down to a single ancestor from the Middle East," said Francis Duranthon, director of the Natural History Museum in Toulouse, where the bones were kept . The burial Treilles was excavated in the 1930s. A minimum of 149 subjects were found: 63 children and sub-adults and 86 adults, buried over a period of one to two centuries.
Genetic studies conducted on the teeth of 24 people identified 22 male individuals, of which 3 were very close relatives and 16 of the same paternal lineage. This suggests that it was a clan, according to scientists.
Women from the Causses
The study is published in PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences), Bulletin of the American Academy of Sciences.
"This is a settlement from the Middle East in the early Neolithic period and now almost totally disappeared," concluded Eric Crubézy Lacan and Marie, who carried out the study of DNA with CNRS, University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse and Strasbourg University.
However, they point out, the two women found in the grave come from the Grands Causses, which includes the Larzac.
The discovery of Middle Eastern background men confirms "the importance of population movements during the Neolithic along the Mediterranean coasts," said Francis Duranthon, who led the work.
"So far, he says, we had evidence suggesting that there was migration" in that time, such as ceramics. "But here, we know from genetics," with the genomes of nearly 5,000 years, he enthuses.
The men of foreign origin Treilles is still marked by the absence of a gene to digest fresh milk. People living in the area at that time were in turn able to consume.
Analysis by Eric Crubézy used for the first time genetic markers located on the nuclear DNA (contained in the cell nucleus) of bones dating back over 3,500 years before our era. They can get items on the paternal and maternal lineages of an individual while the mitochondrial DNA (the cytoplasm of cells) examined so far did not provide guidance on the mother.
Google translation of French report here:
http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2011/06/01/1096173-des-hommes-venus-du-moyen-orient-vivaient-dans-la-grotte-de-treilles-3-500-ans-avant-notre-ere.html
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