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<< Our Photo Pages >> Mars-Camulus-Stein - Early Christian Sculptured Stone in Germany in North Rhine-Westphalia

Submitted by Harald_Platta on Saturday, 11 July 2015  Page Views: 2816

Iron Age and Later PrehistorySite Name: Mars-Camulus-Stein
Country: Germany Land: North Rhine-Westphalia Type: Early Christian Sculptured Stone
Nearest Town: Kleve  Nearest Village: Rindern
Latitude: 51.813440N  Longitude: 6.127968E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
4 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
4 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
5 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
5

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Mars-Camulus-Stein
Mars-Camulus-Stein submitted by Harald_Platta : The Mars-Camulus-Stein is a former Gallo-Roman altar, which is now used as a Christian altar. A replica of the stone can be seen in the LVR Römermuseum Xanten © Platta 2016 (Vote or comment on this photo)
The Mars-Camulus-Stein is an early Christian sculptured stone in Kleve-Rindern (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). It consists of limestone and measures 101.5 cm x 80,5 cm x 69 cm.

It was created between 54 - 68 AD by the Cugerni, a Romanised Germanic tribe that lived in Colonia Ulpia Traiana near today`s Xanten. It is known, that the stone was endowed by citizens of Reims.

The stone was dedicated to the Celtic god Camulus, who was equated with the Roman god Mars. Therefore, the Mars-Camulus-Stein was very likely part of a Gallo-Roman sanctuary. Moreover, the first version of the stone praises Nero, whose name was later exchanged for Tiberius.

At a later time point, the stone was brought to the Roman fort Arenacum in today`s Rindern. Here, after the end of the Roman occupation and the begin of the Frankish rule, the stone was used as an altar in the St. Willibrord church, which was built on Roman foundations. The donation of the stone to the missionary Willibrord in the year 720 AD has been documented.
In order to be used as Christian altar, four cross symbols were integrated into the top of the stone.

However, because of its past as a pagan stone, the Mars-Camulus-Stein was placed outside of the church at a later time point, before it was brought to Schwanenburg castle in Kleve, where it served as decoration in the inner ward. After 174 years in Schwanenburg castle, the Mars-Camulus-Stein was brought back to St. Willibrord church and sanctified again for the use as altar in 1968.
A replica of the stone can be seen in the LVR Römermuseum Xanten.

References:
[01] Ruhr Museum (Hrsg.): Werdendes Ruhrgebiet. Spätantike und Frühmittelalter an Rhein und Ruhr (2015).
[02] Scholten, H.: Der Mars-Camulus-Stein. In: eDidact Handbuch der Religionen Ausgabe 31.
[03] Fink, J.: Der Mars-Camulus-Stein in der Pfarrkirche zu Rindern (1970).
[04] Päffgen, P.: Kleve-Rindern: St. Willibrord und der Mars-Camulus-Stein. In: Der Niederrhein zwischen Xanten und Nijmegen. Führer zu Archäologischen Denkmälern in Deutschland. Band 47 (2006).
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Mars-Camulus-Stein
Mars-Camulus-Stein submitted by Harald_Platta : The Mars-Camulus-Stein is a former Gallo-Roman altar, which is now used as a Christian altar. The depicted side of the stone displays a bay tree. This photo was taken of a replica shown during the special exhibition „Werdendes Ruhrgebiet“ in the Ruhr Museum Essen. The original stone can be seen in the St. Willibrord church in Rindern. © Platta 2015 (Vote or comment on this photo)

Mars-Camulus-Stein
Mars-Camulus-Stein submitted by Harald_Platta : The Mars-Camulus-Stein is a former Gallo-Roman altar, which is now used as a Christian altar. A replica of the stone can be seen in the LVR Römermuseum Xanten. © Platta 2016 (Vote or comment on this photo)

Mars-Camulus-Stein
Mars-Camulus-Stein submitted by Creative Commons : The Mars-Camulus-Stein is a former Gallo-Roman altar, which is now used as Christian altar. The picture shows the original stone in St. Willibrord church in Rindern. The picture depicts the front side of the stone with the sanctification inscription for Mars-Camulus. Karin Laakes at the German language Wikipedia [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://cr... (Vote or comment on this photo)

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