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Ancestral Geographies of the Neolithic, Edmonds, Bender

Ancestral Geographies of the Neolithic, Edmonds, Bender

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<< Other Photo Pages >> Jirzankal cemetery - Barrow Cemetery in China

Submitted by Andy B on Sunday, 10 November 2019  Page Views: 2016

Neolithic and Bronze AgeSite Name: Jirzankal cemetery
Country: China
NOTE: This site is 83.401 km away from the location you searched for.

Type: Barrow Cemetery
Nearest Town: Tashkurgan City
Latitude: 37.848333N  Longitude: 75.203056E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
3
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Jirzankal cemetery
Jirzankal cemetery submitted by dodomad : A mound from the Jirzankal Cemetery - circular burial mounds with stone rings. Photo credit: X. Wu (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). (Vote or comment on this photo)
Jirzankal cemetery is located on the western bank of the Tashkurgan River, eastern Pamir Plateau, China. Thirty-nine graves were excavated in 2013–2014, a typical grave being a shaft chamber covered by encircling stones. The chambers with primary and secondary burials were dug into bedrock or fluvial gravel layer.

The region, 3050 meters above sea level, has a typical alpine climate with long winters and brief summers. The cemetery is approximately 10 km away from Tashkurgan City to the south and 180 km away from Kashgar, the capital of the prefecture where the cemetery is situated.

During the two excavation seasons, at least 39 individual human corpses and two hundred mortuary goods were revealed. The mortuary goods included abundant pottery items, stone tools, wooden items, textiles, sporadic copper objects and ironware. AMS radiocarbon dating of various samples from nine graves, including Five bones, six wood/charcoal fragments and one textile sample jointly assign the cemetery to ca. 2500 yr BP, corre-
sponding to the early Iron Age.

In 2016, bone samples from 12 ovicaprids (goat/sheep) and enamel samples from 34 individuals were analyzed for strontium isotope ratios.

Source: Wang, X. et al. Strontium isotope evidence for a highly mobile population on the Pamir Plateau 2500 years ago. Sci. Rep. 6, 35162; doi: 10.1038/srep35162 (2016).
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Jirzankal cemetery
Jirzankal cemetery submitted by dodomad : A wooden brazier excavated from the cemetery containing stones and cannabis residue. Photo credit: X. Wu (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). (Vote or comment on this photo)

Jirzankal cemetery
Jirzankal cemetery submitted by dodomad : Archaeological wooden braziers from the Jirzankal cemetery. (A) Plan view of zone B of the Jirzankal Cemetery, (B) aerial view of zone B, and (C) 10 wooden braziers excavated from the cemetery. Red dots in (A) refer to the tombs containing wooden braziers; brazier M49:2 was excavated from zone D. Photo credit: X. Wu (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). (Vote or comment on this photo)

Jirzankal cemetery
Jirzankal cemetery submitted by dodomad : Typical landscape of the Jirzankal Cemetery. (A) Plan view of the Jirzankal Cemetery; (B) black and white stone strips on the cemetery surface; (C) circular burial mounds with stone rings. Photo credit: X. Wu (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). (1 comment - Vote or comment on this photo)

Jirzankal cemetery
Jirzankal cemetery submitted by dodomad : The braziers and the skeleton found in one of the tombs as they were exposed in the excavations (Source: Xinhua Wu) (Vote or comment on this photo)

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"Jirzankal cemetery" | Login/Create an Account | 2 News and Comments
  
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The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from first millennium BC by Andy B on Sunday, 10 November 2019
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The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs - Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang, and Nicole Boivin

Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants in East Asia, grown for grain and fiber as well as for recreational, medical, and ritual purposes. It is one of the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world today, but little is known about its early psychoactive use or when plants under cultivation evolved the phenotypical trait of increased specialized compound production. The archaeological evidence for ritualized consumption of cannabis is limited and contentious. Here, we present some of the earliest directly dated and scientifically verified evidence for ritual cannabis smoking. This phytochemical analysis indicates that cannabis plants were burned in wooden braziers during mortuary ceremonies at the Jirzankal Cemetery (ca. 500 BCE) in the eastern Pamirs region. This suggests cannabis was smoked as part of ritual and/or religious activities in western China by at least 2500 years ago and that the cannabis plants produced high levels of psychoactive compounds.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaaw1391
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Strontium isotope evidence for a highly mobile population on the Pamir Plateau by Andy B on Sunday, 10 November 2019
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Strontium isotope evidence for a highly mobile population on the Pamir Plateau 2500 years ago - Xueye Wang, Zihua Tang, Jing Wu, Xinhua Wu, Yiqun Wu & Xinying Zhou

Archaeological research has proposed arguments for human mobility and long-distance trading over the Eurasia before the Silk Roads. Here we utilize biologically available strontium isotope analysis to assess the extent of pre-Silk Road population movements and cultural communications across the Asian interior. From an early Iron Age cemetery (ca. 2500 yr B.P.) on the eastern Pamir Plateau, mean Sr ratios from 34 individuals display considerable isotopic variability, and 10 individuals are distinguished as migrants based on the local strontium isotope range of 0.710296–0.710572 defined by 12 ovicaprine bones.

Comparison of the proportion (10/34) with the regional census data completed in 1909 A.D. (3% non-locals) suggests a highly migratory behaviour on the plateau 2500 years ago. Furthermore, exotic mortuary objects, such as silk fabrics from eastern China and an angular harp originated from the Near East, clearly demonstrate an interaction between different cultures on the plateau before the establishment of the Silk Road.

Open Access:
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35162
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