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<< Our Photo Pages >> Sha'ar HaGolan - Ancient Village or Settlement in Israel

Submitted by motist on Monday, 10 September 2012  Page Views: 6891

Multi-periodSite Name: Sha'ar HaGolan
Country: Israel
NOTE: This site is 7.819 km away from the location you searched for.
Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Taiberias  Nearest Village: Kibuts Sha'ar HaGolan
Latitude: 32.682901N  Longitude: 35.601823E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
 2 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
 3 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
 3 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
 5

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Sha'ar HaGolan
Sha'ar HaGolan submitted by bat400 : Map Location Sha'ar HaGolan Yarmukian settlement in Israel. Source: Northeastern Israel and the Golan Heights for location maps. 12 March 2009(2009-03-12) Source Author Ynhockey [revised by bat400]. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient Settlement in Israel.
The first Yarmukian settlement was unearthed at Megiddo during the 1930s, but was not identified as a distinct Neolithic culture at the time. At Sha'ar HaGolan, in 1949, Prof. Moshe Stekelis first identified the Yarmukian Culture, a Pottery Neolithic culture that inhabited parts of Israel and Jordan. The site, dated to ca. 6400–6000 BCE (calibrated), is located in the central Jordan Valley, on the northern bank of the Yarmouk River.

Its size is circa 20 hectares, making it one of the largest settlements in the world at that time. Although other Yarmukian sites have been identified since, Sha'ar HaGolan is the largest, probably indicating its role as the Yarmukian center.

The site was excavated by two teams from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem: One led by Stekelis (1949–1952) and the other by Yosef Garfinkel (1989–90, 2006–2004). While during the earlier excavations no architecture was found, the second expedition uncovered large courtyard houses, ranging between 250 and 700 m² in area. The courtyard house makes its first appearance at Sha'ar HaGolan, giving the site a special significance in architectural history. This is an architectural concept still found among traditional Mediterranean societies. Monumental construction on this scale is unknown elsewhere during this period. The houses consist of a central courtyard surrounded by several small rooms.

The houses were separated by streets, which constitute evidence of advanced community planning. The dig uncovered a central street about 3 m wide, paved with pebbles set in mud, and a narrow winding alley 1 m wide. These are the earliest streets discovered in Israel and among the earliest streets built by man. A 4.15 m well dug to the local water table indicates a knowledge of hydraulics. Exotic objects discovered during the excavations include sea shells from the Mediterranean, polished stone vessels made of alabaster (or marble), and blades made from obsidian (volcanic glass) from Turkey. The presence of obsidian points to trade connections extending over 700 km.

More information at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem excavation website.

Note: Theory that clay Phallic Symbols are actually earliest 'matches' or 'firestarters'.
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"Sha'ar HaGolan" | Login/Create an Account | 3 News and Comments
  
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The Yarmukian Site at Tel Mitzpe Zevulun North (Naḥal Zippori 3), Lower Galile by Andy B on Thursday, 12 January 2017
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The Yarmukian Site at Tel Mitzpe Zevulun North (Naḥal Zippori 3), Lower Galilee, Israel
Israel Antiquities Authority

The Yarmukian culture of the central Jordan Valley in northern
Israel is well known owing to the extensive excavations carried out
by Yossi Garfinkel at Sha‘ar Hagolan, which have provided many insights into the Neolithic way of life. In the last decade, several new Yarmukian settlements have
been discovered and excavated by the Israel Antiquities Authority due to construction plans. One of these is the site of Naḥal Zippori
in the Lower Galilee.

The settlement was established within allu-
vial lands close to the Naḥal Zippori stream, and hence its name. Its
architectural remains include a rectangular structure that faced a
courtyard with a rounded silo, cooking pits and other installations.
The pottery assemblage, including decorated vessels with her-
ringbone patterns and line-painted designs, is characteristic of the
Yarmukian and Jericho IX aspects of the Pottery Neolithic period;
so too is the lithic assemblage with its distinctive denticulated
sickle blades.

The most remarkable finds that link this site with
Sha‘ar Hagolan are fragments of around three dozen anthropomor-
phic clay figurines, both female and male, and a few zoomorphic clay figurines, all characteristic of the Yarmukian culture. The discovery of this settlement site at Naḥal Zippori extends the Yarmukian territory to the west of the country. Its rich mate-rial culture, including a well-built architectural complex and clay figurines, possibly indicates that it was a central settlement in the Lower Galilee region.

https://www.academia.edu/30817586/From_Shaar_Hagolan_to_Shaaraim_Essays_in_Honor_of_Prof._Yosef_Garfijinkel
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Archaeologists claim objects are earliest 'matches' by bat400 on Monday, 10 September 2012
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Researchers from Israel say that mysterious clay and stone artefacts from Neolithic times could be the earliest known "matches".

Although the cylindrical objects have been known about for some time, they had previously been interpreted as "cultic" phallic symbols.

The researchers' new interpretation means these could be the earliest evidence of how fires were ignited. The research was published in the open access journal Plos One.

Although evidence of "pyrotechnology" in Eurasia is known from three quarters of a million years ago, this evidence usually takes the form of remnants of fire itself.

"We have fire evidence in modern humans and Neanderthals, from charcoal, ashes and hearths, but there was nothing ever found that was connected with how you ignite the fire," lead author Prof Naama Goren-Inbar of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem told BBC News.


"I saw this object and immediately it came to my mind that this was very, very similar to all the sticks that you see [used as] 'fire drills'. I made the connection and it slowly developed," she said.

By using electro-microscopy techniques, Prof Goren-Inbar and her colleagues identified tell-tale signs that the cylindrical clay objects may have been rotated at high speed, generating friction to ignite tinder.

They identified linear marks, or striations - at the conical ends of the cylinders which they interpret as being generated by spinning the "matches" within sockets found on "fire boards", which are known from other sites.

Burn-colouration reminiscent of scorch-marks was also found, as well as grooves evident higher up the objects, which may have been generated by a bow, used to spin the cylinders.

This new interpretation highlights the technological sophistication of the Sha'ar HaGolan inhabitants at this time, and the prevalence of these structures around a wide area of the Eastern Mediterranean may further indicate that clay matches were common at an earlier time period than other ignition technologies.



Thanks to coldrum for the link. For more, see http://www.bbc.co.uk.
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Re: Sha'ar HaGolan Yarmukian settlement by motist on Wednesday, 14 July 2010
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more :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmukian_Culture



http://ilmuseums.com/museum_eng.asp?id=120



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yarmukian_Culture

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