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The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Indian Mounds

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<< Our Photo Pages >> Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation - Natural Stone / Erratic / Other Natural Feature in Sudan

Submitted by Andy B on Saturday, 16 January 2010  Page Views: 8389

Natural PlacesSite Name: Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation Alternative Name: Gebel Barkal Sacred Cobra, Jebel Barkal Uraeus
Country: Sudan Type: Natural Stone / Erratic / Other Natural Feature
Nearest Town: Karima town
Latitude: 18.536888N  Longitude: 31.828513E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
4 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
5 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
3 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by KaiHofmann : The Barkal mountain. Rock formation. Image taken by Lennart Lehmann in 2015 (sorry for the small size) (Vote or comment on this photo)
Natural Feature in Sudan. Jebel Barkal is a very small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Karima town in Northern State in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the region called Nubia.

Around 1450 BC, the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III extended his empire to that region and considered Gebel Barkal its southern limit. There, he campaigned near the city of Napata that, about 300 years later, became the capital of the independent kingdom of Kush. The 25th Dynasty Nubian king Piye later greatly enlarged the New Kingdom Temple of Amun in this city and erected his Year 20 Victory stela within it.

The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by European explorers in the 1820s, although only in 1916 were archeological excavations started by George Reisner under a joint expedition of Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston. From the 1970’s, explorations continued by a team from the University of Rome La Sapienza, under the direction of Sergio Donadoni, that was joined by another team from the Boston Museum, in the 1980’s, under the direction of Timothy Kendall. The larger temples, such that of Amun, are even today considered sacred to the local population.

Source: Wikipedia

The Egyptians, and perhaps the earlier Nubians as well, attached religious significance to the mountain because of the unusual freestanding pinnacle on its southwestern corner. Viewed from different angles, this statue-like, natural rock formation appeared to them variously as (a) a uraeus (sacred cobra) wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt, (b) a uraeus wearing a sun disk, and (c) an erect phallus, evocative of the procreative forms of Amen/Re-Atum. The mountain came to be seen not only as a primeval source of creation, but also as the original home of the sun god’s uraeus (the “Eye of Re”) and the king’s uraeus, and thus an important source of kingship.

Source: Old Maps, Expeditions and Explorations
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Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by durhamnature : Temple of Bes from "History of Egypt...." via archive.org Site in Sudan (Vote or comment on this photo)

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by KaiHofmann : Info board. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by KaiHofmann : View from the Barkal mountain to the Nuri pyramids. Image taken by Lennart Lehmann in 2015 (sorry for the small size) (Vote or comment on this photo)

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by KaiHofmann : The Barkal mountain. Image taken by Lennart Lehmann in 2015 (sorry for the small size) (Vote or comment on this photo)

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by durhamnature : Old photo from "Monuments of Sudan" via archive.org

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by durhamnature : Colour images from "History of Egypt...." via archive.org Site in Sudan

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by durhamnature : The pinnacle with temples of Hathor and Bisu, from "History of Egypt...." via archive.org Site in Sudan

Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation
Gebel Barkal Mountain and Rock Formation submitted by durhamnature : Drawing of the mountain from "History of Egypt...." via archive,org Site in Sudan

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 286m SE 132° Gebel Barkal Temple of Amon* Ancient Temple
 678m WNW 281° Karima Pyramids* Pyramid / Mastaba
 1.5km WSW 238° Gebel Barkal Temple of Mut Ancient Temple
 1.5km WSW 238° Gebel Barkal Temple B700 Ancient Temple
 6.2km S 190° Sanam Temple Ancient Temple
 9.7km ENE 72° Nuri Pyramids* Pyramid / Mastaba
 17.3km SSW 206° El-Kurru Pyramids* Pyramid / Mastaba
 18.0km SSW 206° El-Kurru Tumuli Round Barrow(s)
 20.7km SSW 207° Zuma Tumuli Round Barrow(s)
 99.6km SSW 212° Wadi Abu Dom Rock Art Rock Art
 221.0km NW 323° Sesebi* Ancient Village or Settlement
 231.8km E 101° Statue of Taharqa Carving
 262.7km NW 324° Soleb* Ancient Temple
 266.6km SE 140° El Kadada Neolithic Tomb Burial Chamber or Dolmen
 267.3km SE 131° Meroë* Ancient Village or Settlement
 270.1km SE 131° Meroë Pyramids* Pyramid / Mastaba
 276.0km NW 325° Sedeinga* Pyramid / Mastaba
 276.0km SE 132° Abu Erteila Ancient Temple
 333.8km SSE 167° Sudan National Museum Museum
 378.8km N 351° Buhen Stone Fort or Dun
 423.1km N 357° Abu Simbel Temple of Ramses II* Ancient Temple
 423.2km N 357° Abu Simbel Temple of Nefertari* Ancient Temple
 455.9km NNW 346° Nabta Playa* Stone Circle
 468.6km N 5° Temple of Amada* Ancient Temple
 468.7km N 5° Temple of Derr* Ancient Temple
View more nearby sites and additional images

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