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<< Text Pages >> Pokrovnik - Ancient Village or Settlement in Croatia

Submitted by davidmorgan on Friday, 02 September 2011  Page Views: 3694

Multi-periodSite Name: Pokrovnik
Country: Croatia Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
 Nearest Village: Pokrovnik
Latitude: 43.805420N  Longitude: 16.072562E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
2
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Ancient Village or Settlement in Croatia.

A 6th millennium BCE Neolithic settlement with evidence of some of the earliest farming in Europe.
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Nearby Images from Flickr
Etnoland 11
Etnoland 13
Etnoland 17
Leaving Split, Croatia
0372-IMG_20161027_121649
0373-IMG_20161027_132653

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 22.5km W 270° Arauzona Hillfort* Hillfort
 22.7km NW 306° Varvaria* Hillfort
 32.8km SSE 159° Sutilija Hillfort* Hillfort
 39.6km NW 305° Asseria Hillfort* Hillfort
 43.8km SE 140° Split Archaeological Museum* Museum
 44.3km SE 132° Solin Town Gate* Ancient Village or Settlement
 44.3km SE 132° Salona Town wall* Hillfort
 44.3km SE 138° Diocletian's Palace* Ancient Palace
 45.4km SE 127° Klis Hillfort* Hillfort
 53.9km ESE 106° Cetina Valley Ancient Village or Settlement
 59.6km WNW 295° Possible Illyrian site near Raštane Donj Ancient Village or Settlement
 60.0km SSE 147° Gradina Rat Hillfort
 60.0km WNW 295° Vrcevo Hill Hillfort
 65.2km SE 144° Brac Island* Ancient Village or Settlement
 73.2km SE 145° Zmajeva Spilja* Cave or Rock Shelter
 73.6km NW 312° Nin Temple* Ancient Temple
 74.2km SSE 157° Vira (Hvar)* Barrow Cemetery
 76.1km WNW 297° Zadar Museum* Museum
 76.2km SSE 157° Fortica* Hillfort
 76.3km SSE 157° Hvar Museum* Museum
 76.5km SSE 157° Hvar Castle Museum* Museum
 79.3km NW 310° Kosa Tumuli 1* Round Barrow(s)
 79.9km NW 310° Kosa Tumuli 2* Round Barrow(s)
 80.1km NW 310° Kosa Tumuli 8* Round Barrow(s)
 80.2km NW 310° Kosa Tumuli 9* Round Barrow(s)
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Ancient farmers swiftly spread westward by davidmorgan on Friday, 02 September 2011
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Croatia does not have a reputation as a hotbed of ancient agriculture. But new excavations, described January 7 in San Antonio at the annual meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America, unveil a Mediterranean Sea–hugging strip of southern Croatia as a hub for early farmers who spread their sedentary lifestyle from the Middle East into Europe.

Farming villages sprouted swiftly in this coastal region, called Dalmatia, nearly 8,000 years ago, apparently with the arrival of Middle Easterners already adept at growing crops and herding animals, says archaeologist Andrew Moore of Rochester Institute of Technology in New York.

Moore codirects an international research team, with archaeologist Marko Mendušic of Croatia’s Ministry of Culture in Šibenik, that has uncovered evidence of intensive farming at Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitinj, two Neolithic settlements in Dalmatia. Plant cultivation and animal raising started almost 8,000 years ago at Pokrovnik and lasted for close to a millennium, according to radiocarbon dating of charred seeds and bones from a series of occupation layers. Comparable practices at Danilo Bitinj lasted from about 7,300 to 6,800 years ago.

“Farming came to Dalmatia abruptly, spread rapidly and took hold immediately,” Moore says.

Other evidence supports a fast spread of sophisticated farming methods from the Middle East into Europe (SN: 2/5/05, p. 88), remarks Harvard University archaeologist Ofer Bar-Yosef. Farming villages in western Greece date to about 9,000 years ago, he notes. Middle Eastern farmers exploited a wide array of domesticated plants and animals by 10,500 years ago, setting the stage for a westward migration, Bar-Yosef says.

Other researchers began excavating Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitinj more than 40 years ago. Only Moore and his colleagues dug deep enough to uncover signs of intensive farming.

Their discoveries support the idea that agricultural newcomers to southern Europe built villages without encountering local nomadic groups, Moore asserts. Earlier excavations at Neolithic sites in Germany and France raise the possibility that hunter-gatherers clashed with incoming villagers in northern Europe, he notes.

Surprisingly, Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitinj residents grew the same plants and raised the same animals, in the same proportions, as today’s Dalmatian farmers do, Moore says. Excavated seeds and plant parts show that ancient villagers grew nine different domestic plants — including emmer, oats and lentils — and gathered blackberries and other wild fruits.

Animal bones found at the two villages indicate that residents primarily herded sheep and goats, along with some cattle and a small number of pigs.

Diverse food sources provided a hedge against regional fluctuations in rainfall and growing seasons, according to Moore. “This is an astonishing demonstration of agricultural continuity from the Neolithic to present times,” he says.

Aside from farming, Neolithic villagers in Dalmatia were “oriented toward the sea, and enjoyed extensive long-distance contacts,” Moore adds. Chemical analyses of obsidian chunks found at Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitinj, directed by archaeologist Robert Tykot of the University of South Florida in Tampa, trace most of them to Lipari, an island off Sicily’s north coast.

Shapes and styles of pottery from the ancient Dalmatian villages changed dramatically several times during the Neolithic. Moore’s team can’t explain why these shifts occurred while the farming economy remained the same.

Other than three children found in separate graves, the researchers have unearthed no human skeletons at Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitinj.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/68493/title/Ancient_farmers_swiftly_spread_westward

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