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Art as Metaphor: The Prehistoric Rock-art of Britain

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<< Our Photo Pages >> Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun - Pyramid / Mastaba in Mexico in Estado de Mexico

Submitted by AlexHunger on Sunday, 26 April 2015  Page Views: 18271

Multi-periodSite Name: Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Country: Mexico Region: Estado de Mexico Type: Pyramid / Mastaba
Nearest Town: Mexico City  Nearest Village: San Martin
Latitude: 19.692191N  Longitude: 98.843583W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
5 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
4 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
3 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
5

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MartinJEley visited on 6th Feb 2010 - their rating: Cond: 4 Amb: 5 Access: 4 The Pyramid of the Sun is just overwhelming in its majesty and simplicity.

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Average ratings for this site from all visit loggers: Condition: 3.75 Ambience: 4.25 Access: 4.5

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by DrewParsons : Photographed in December 1989 (Vote or comment on this photo)
A large multi-layer red pyramid at the Teotihuacan site. The Sun Pyramid was the central axis for Teotihuacan culture, a space from which celestial and underworld levels were accessed symbolically. The four directions of the universe parted from here as well, and this scheme was adopted later by Tolteca and Mexica societies when drafting their ceremonial centres.

For more information on the Teotihuacan site, see the comments below and the main listing.

Note: A large quantity of liquid mercury, sealed for nearly 1,800 years, has been discovered in a chamber under this pre-Aztec pyramid in Mexico's Teotihuacan city, see comments on our page for the latest
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Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by DrewParsons : View of the Pyramid of the Sun taken from the Pyramid of the Moon. Photographed in December 1989 (Vote or comment on this photo)

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by DrewParsons : Photographed in December 1989 (Vote or comment on this photo)

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by wirzroland : Site in Estado de Mexico Mexico (Vote or comment on this photo)

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by durhamnature : San Juan Teotihuacan from the Pyramid of the Moon. Old photo from "Prehistoric America" via archive.org Site in Estado de Mexico Mexico (Vote or comment on this photo)

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by DrewParsons : View showing the immense size of the pyramid. Photographed in December 1992.

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by AlexHunger : North side of the multi tiered Pyramid of the Sun as seen from the pyramid of the Moon

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by AlexHunger : West facade of the multi tiered Pyramid of the Sun with the staircases.

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by Kurgan : Site in Estado de Mexico Mexico. Using Google Earth imagery Teotihuacan's Pyramid of the sun aligns with the cross quarter sunrise on 2nd February.

Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun submitted by Kurgan : Site in Estado de Mexico Mexico. Using Google Earth imagery Teotihuacan's Pyramid of the sun aligns with the cross quarter sunset on 1st May, and cross quarter sunrise on 2nd February. This is similar to other mesoamerican pyramids such as Tikal and Teotenango but different from Kukulcan and Palenque where the orientation is to the winter and summer solstices. Perhaps there are cultural reaso...

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 310m W 276° Teotihuacan* Ancient Village or Settlement
 833m N 357° Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Moon* Pyramid / Mastaba
 1.0km W 265° Teotihuacan - Atelelco* Ancient Palace
 1.1km WSW 249° Teotihuacan - Tetitla Ancient Village or Settlement
 1.2km SSW 195° Teotihuacan - Temple of Quetzalcoatl* Pyramid / Mastaba
 21.8km S 173° Texcotzingo* Ancient Palace
 32.9km ENE 66° Tepeapulco Pyramid* Pyramid / Mastaba
 37.9km WSW 246° Acatitlan* Ancient Temple
 38.4km WSW 242° Tenayuca* Pyramid / Mastaba
 40.8km SW 229° Tlatelolco* Ancient Village or Settlement
 41.6km SW 227° Tenochtitlan - Templo Mayor* Ancient Temple
 46.5km SW 231° Museo Nacional de Antropología* Museum
 56.0km SW 219° Cuicuilco* Pyramid / Mastaba
 56.3km SW 217° Tlalpan Ancient Village or Settlement
 66.3km NW 309° Tula.* Ancient Village or Settlement
 69.0km NE 47° Huapalcalco Pyramid Pyramid / Mastaba
 71.8km SE 134° Xochitecatl* Pyramid / Mastaba
 72.3km SE 134° Cacaxtla* Ancient Village or Settlement
 81.5km SSW 199° Tepoztlan* Ancient Village or Settlement
 90.5km SE 141° Cholula* Pyramid / Mastaba
 93.6km SSW 205° Cuernavaca - Piramide de Teopanzolco* Pyramid / Mastaba
 102.2km SW 231° Teotenango* Ancient Temple
 109.6km SSW 206° Xochicalco* Ancient Village or Settlement
 111.6km WNW 287° Huamango Ancient Village or Settlement
 113.1km S 176° Chalcatzingo* Rock Art
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"Teotihuacan - Pyramid of the Sun" | Login/Create an Account | 7 News and Comments
  
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Secret tunnel found at Teotihuacan and chamber with liquid mercury by AngieLake on Sunday, 26 April 2015
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From the Daily Mail online:

Mexican archaeologist found mercury in a chamber of Teotihuacan pyramid
The chamber had been sealed at the end of a tunnel for nearly 1,800 years
Because of the potential supernatural significance of liquid mercury in ritual ends, archaeologist Sergio Gomez hopes to find king's tomb in pyramid
Teotihuacan, or 'abode of the gods' in the Aztec language of Nahuatl, was distinct from the Mayan civilization
Gomez has been working in the tunnel for six years and has found thousands of artifacts
The excavation of the chambers should be finished by October, Gomez said

More from Reuters:
http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/24/us-mexico-archeology-teotihuacan-idUSKBN0NF1US20150424
[ Reply to This ]

Scientist claims to have uncovered 83 cm numerical pattern in ancient Mexican city by Andy B on Monday, 31 October 2011
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Japanese archaeologist Saburo Sugiyama claims to have discovered that the architects of the ancient city of Teotihuacán based their designs on a numerical measure equivalent to 83 centimeters (32.68 inches), Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History, or INAH, reported.

Sugiyama presented the finding during the 5th Teotihuacán Round Table, an INAH-sponsored gathering of experts on the largest city build by indigenous peoples in Mexico.

The researcher said that by making calculations based on the measurements of the pyramids at Teotihuacán, he was able to determine "the constant presence" of the 83-centimeter unit.

Sugiyama, an associate research professor at Arizona State University and professor at Aichi Prefectural University in Japan, said that the stairway, the roof beams and the distance between the sculptures of snakeheads at the Quetzalcoatl Pyramid all use this measurement.

"The roof beam measures 1.66 meters in length, which corresponds to twice the unit I'm suggesting. The same thing occurs with the distance between the snakeheads which is four times the unit, and with the length of the stairway, which 13.2 meters, which is equivalent to 16 times the unit," he said.

"One can also observe this numerical pattern in the pyramids of the Sun and Moon, as well as in the Citadel," he said.

Read more at:
http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2011/10/27/scientist-finds-numerical-pattern-in-ancient-mexican-city/
[ Reply to This ]
    Re: Scientist claims to have uncovered 83 cm numerical pattern in ancient Mexican cit by ainsloch on Sunday, 03 May 2015
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    83 cm = 2.72 feet = the Megalithic Yard! How weird is that...
    [ Reply to This ]

Teotihuacan's Emblematic Monument, The Sun Pyramid, Still an Enigma for Archaeologis by Andy B on Sunday, 10 October 2010
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Although research conducted at Teotihuacan Archaeological Zone has allowed determining several of its urban features, the construction of its most emblematic monument, the Sun Pyramid, still presents enigmas, like the real significance it had for dwellers, since no historical sources exist.

M.A. Ruben Cabrera Castro, researcher at the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), tried to elucidate the sense this 65-meter building had for ancient Teotihuacan dwellers. Although information has been provided by material rests found, it is difficult to be certain about Prehispanic thought.

At the conference series at the Center of Teotihuacan Studies, part of commemorations of the centennial of the opening of the archaeological site, Cabrera recalled that recently archaeologist Jaime Delgado conducted a survey among dwellers of the Valley of Teotihuacan and urban communities near Mexico City, workers and specialists at the archaeological site: What does the Sun Pyramid Means to You?

General population manifested that it is the most important building of Teotihuacan, a monument dedicated to the Sun, a center of energy, the main attraction of Teotihuacan, something majestic, a manifestation of despotic power, a ceremonial center, a tomb, a national symbol, an enigma…for archaeologists it is the central nucleus of Teotihuacan urban system too.

Still, its original meaning is a mystery, “mainly because in Teotihuacan we don’t have well-analyzed writing; glyphs were recently found at La Ventilla neighborhood, but they are being analyzed”, mentioned Ruben Cabrera.

According to the archaeologist, “this building is for many researchers a “water mountain” or altepetl: it is known that pyramids are replicas of hills, which were conceived as water providers.

“This allows us thinking that the Sun Pyramid is related to strength, fertility, water and the underworld, from where life comes from and where humans go after death, and maybe important characters, from the point of view of Teotihuacan people”.

The tunnel constructed under this pyramid could be related to Chicomostoc, original place of the Nahua tribes that arrived to Central Mexico. “There are elements as the 4 niches found to the bottom of the cave that coincide with the 4 petal flower, symbol of Teotihuacan, which resembles the representation of cavities deeply-rooted in Tolteca-Chichimeca history”.

The subterranean tunnel is linked with the underworld and the 4 cardinal points. “We can say that everything in Teotihuacan, even its planning, repeats the quincunx (symbol that points out the directions of the universe), an idea, older than Teotihuacan groups, that goes back to Olmecas”.

In such space were found human rests, as well as Tolteca and Mexica material, groups that apparently looted the place in later ages after the abandonment of the city. It is very probable that a water spring was found in the tunnel.
The Sun Pyramid was a space of power, as the discovery of fragmented sculptures of jaguars and serpents located near it verifies, figures that probably adorned its adjacent platforms.

INAH archaeologist Alejandro Villalobos manifested that the width of the Moon Pyramid plant corresponds with the 126-meters diameter of Cuicuilco great base, which is important because it is thought that people from Cuicuilco migrated to Teotihuacan after an eruption of Xitle Vulcano near 100 AD.

As in the archaeological site located in southern Mexico City, Teotihuacan pyramids are linked to the surrounding landscape, imitating the hills.

Regarding the constructive system of the Sun Pyramid, the architect concluded that different hypotheses point out that its internal nucleus is integrated by masonry systems yet to be explored and which could have an octagonal or random sequence.

How long did it take to build the Sun Pyramid?

• It was in 1

Read the rest of this post...
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The Mesomamerican connection: Teotihuacan, the roadway of the gods by Andy B on Friday, 21 May 2010
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In semi-arid mountain basin that is an extension of the Valley of Mexico is located the ruins of one of the greatest indigenous cities of the Western Hemisphere. At its peak size, it covered over 11 ½ square miles and contained at least 150,000 residents; perhaps as many as 250,000 people! Today, it is known by the Spanish spelling of its Nahuatl (Aztec) name, te-o-ti-waka:n, which has been interpreted by ethnologist, Thelma Sullivan, to mean “place of those who have the roadway of the gods.”

On Maya maps, the city was named, Am Puh (Place of the Reeds) but the name of the city used by its inhabitants is unknown. The site is now semi-arid, but crossed by small streams. This suggests that in earlier times, the water table was higher, or perhaps the Teotihuacan Basin was once a marshy extension of the five large lakes in the Valley of Mexico. This original terrain would explain the Maya reference to reeds.

The ethnicity of the founders of Teotihuacan is not currently known for certain by anthropologists. The Totonacs have always claimed to be the founders of the city. In 2001 anthropologist Terrence Kaufman identified linguistic evidence that the Totonacs and people of Mixtec-Zoque heritage were important ethnic groups in the city. Other anthropologists feel that the Otomi were the predominant ethnic group, since the Otomi language was known to have been spoken in the region around Teotihuacan, both before and after its lifespan. Perhaps Teotihuacan was a multi-ethnic city domain

More at
http://www.examiner.com/x-40598-Architecture--Design-Examiner~y2010m4d21-The-Mesomamerican-connection-Teotihuacan-the-roadway-of-the-gods
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Sun Pyramid Street View by SteveDut on Friday, 02 April 2010
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Sun Pyramid was the Axis Mundi for Teotihuacan Culture by bat400 on Sunday, 09 August 2009
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Sun Pyramid was the axis mundi for Teotihuacan culture, a space from which celestial and underworld levels were accessed symbolically. The four directions of the universe parted from here as well, and this scheme was adopted later by Tolteca and Mexica societies when drafting their ceremonial centers.

The later was informed by archaeologist Eduardo Matos Moctezuma during his participation at “Teotihuacan, identity and heritage of Mexico” master conference series, taking place in the National Museum of Anthropology (MNA) as part of the 70th anniversary of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) celebrations.

For the INAH emeritus professor that collaborated with the Teotihuacan Project (1962-1964) and directed a special archaeological initiative there in the early 1990’s, there are several elements that confirm the sacredness of the Sun Pyramid.

“These axis mundi buildings face east, present evidence of human sacrifices, are related to water and fertility, are linked to death-life duality, and are surrounded by great platforms that prevent direct entrance to them”.

During the archaeological explorations where he participated, it was confirmed that access was restricted: the only entrance was through the Dead Roadway and the frontal staircase, which points out to its sacredness.

“We think the Sun Pyramid was the first center of Teotihuacan city. Towards 250 AD, it would be moved to the south, at La Ciudadela and the Feathered Serpent Temple, where the axis mundi patron repeated” declared the Colegio Nacional Member.

Teotihuacan was the largest and populated city in America during Prehispanic age, extending for 23 square kilometers and lodging 250,000 persons. This city had a great development from 200 BC to 650 AD.

For more, see artdaily.org.
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