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How and why the ancients enchanted Great Britain and Brittany

The Ancient Celts, Barry Cunliffe

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<< Other Photo Pages >> Hatahara - Ancient Village or Settlement in Brazil

Submitted by bat400 on Thursday, 03 May 2007  Page Views: 6393

Multi-periodSite Name: Hatahara
Country: Brazil
NOTE: This site is 433.814 km away from the location you searched for.

Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Manaus  Nearest Village: Iranduba
Latitude: 3.261S  Longitude: 60.142W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
no data
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Terra Preta
Terra Preta submitted by bat400 : Terra preta do Indio, the 'black earth of the Indian'. Photo for news story. 25 June 2007, Photo courtesy of Bruno Glaser. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. English: Amazonian dark earth - terra preta. Left - a nutrient-poor oxisol; right - an oxisol transformed into fertile terra preta. Français : Comparaison entre la terre c... (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient Village or Settlement in Hatahara, Amazonas.
Finds of settlement dated at AD400 to 900, including stone axes and other lithic finds, polychrome ceramics, with large quantities of broken ceramic used to build up soil banks. Hatahara is one of several village sites that have been found at modern, established farms.

The presence of terra preta (black earth) has attracted modern farms. Unlike typical Amazon forest soils that are highly acidic and fairly devoid of nutrients, terra preta is a rich mixture of charred plant refuse, bone, and in the case of Hatahara and other ancient sites, broken ceramics. The burned refuse is not the ash of swidden agriculture, but charcoal that has been stirred back into the soil.

Recent researchers have interpreted find like this one as evidence of long term settlements with large populations as opposed to multiple overlapping temporary settlements of relatively small numbers of people. The extremely hot and humid environment makes the preservation of anything other than stone and ceramics very rare, and the interpretation of sites like this one are still highly contentious.
The location given is approximate.


Note: See comment article about the properties of "Black Indian Earth," its evidence of past settlements in the Amazon and its potential for locking carbon into the soil, and the pitious death of a researcher promoting these ideas.
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Black Gold of the Amazon by bat400 on Thursday, 03 May 2007
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"At more than 100 sites across the peninsula that separates the Rio Negro and Amazon rivers, James Petersen, Eduardo Neves, and their colleagues have unearthed evidence of early civilizations that were far more advanced, far more broadly connected, and far more densely occupied than that of the small bands of nomadic hunter-gatherers previously hypothesized for the region. Before the Europeans arrived, this peninsula in the heart of the Amazon was home to communities with roads, irrigation, agriculture, soil management, ceramics, and extended trade. These civilizations, Neves says, were as complex as the southwestern Native American cultures that inhabited Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde. But due to the scarcity of stone in the Amazon, the people built with wood, and over time the structures disintegrated, leaving little evidence of the culture."

For more about the dig sites and the amazing "black gold" these prehistoric Amazonian farmers created to sustain their crops and culture see Discover Magazine.
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