<< Our Photo Pages >> Sha'ar HaGolan - Ancient Village or Settlement in Israel
Submitted by motist on Monday, 10 September 2012 Page Views: 6891
Multi-periodSite Name: Sha'ar HaGolanCountry: Israel
NOTE: This site is 7.819 km away from the location you searched for.
Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Taiberias Nearest Village: Kibuts Sha'ar HaGolan
Latitude: 32.682901N Longitude: 35.601823E
Condition:
5 | Perfect |
4 | Almost Perfect |
3 | Reasonable but with some damage |
2 | Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site |
1 | Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks |
0 | No data. |
-1 | Completely destroyed |
5 | Superb |
4 | Good |
3 | Ordinary |
2 | Not Good |
1 | Awful |
0 | No data. |
5 | Can be driven to, probably with disabled access |
4 | Short walk on a footpath |
3 | Requiring a bit more of a walk |
2 | A long walk |
1 | In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find |
0 | No data. |
5 | co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates |
4 | co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map |
3 | co-ordinates scaled from a bad map |
2 | co-ordinates of the nearest village |
1 | co-ordinates of the nearest town |
0 | no data |
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The first Yarmukian settlement was unearthed at Megiddo during the 1930s, but was not identified as a distinct Neolithic culture at the time. At Sha'ar HaGolan, in 1949, Prof. Moshe Stekelis first identified the Yarmukian Culture, a Pottery Neolithic culture that inhabited parts of Israel and Jordan. The site, dated to ca. 6400–6000 BCE (calibrated), is located in the central Jordan Valley, on the northern bank of the Yarmouk River.
Its size is circa 20 hectares, making it one of the largest settlements in the world at that time. Although other Yarmukian sites have been identified since, Sha'ar HaGolan is the largest, probably indicating its role as the Yarmukian center.
The site was excavated by two teams from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem: One led by Stekelis (1949–1952) and the other by Yosef Garfinkel (1989–90, 2006–2004). While during the earlier excavations no architecture was found, the second expedition uncovered large courtyard houses, ranging between 250 and 700 m² in area. The courtyard house makes its first appearance at Sha'ar HaGolan, giving the site a special significance in architectural history. This is an architectural concept still found among traditional Mediterranean societies. Monumental construction on this scale is unknown elsewhere during this period. The houses consist of a central courtyard surrounded by several small rooms.
The houses were separated by streets, which constitute evidence of advanced community planning. The dig uncovered a central street about 3 m wide, paved with pebbles set in mud, and a narrow winding alley 1 m wide. These are the earliest streets discovered in Israel and among the earliest streets built by man. A 4.15 m well dug to the local water table indicates a knowledge of hydraulics. Exotic objects discovered during the excavations include sea shells from the Mediterranean, polished stone vessels made of alabaster (or marble), and blades made from obsidian (volcanic glass) from Turkey. The presence of obsidian points to trade connections extending over 700 km.
More information at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem excavation website.
Note: Theory that clay Phallic Symbols are actually earliest 'matches' or 'firestarters'.
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