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<< Text Pages >> Kfar HaHoresh - Ancient Temple in Israel

Submitted by davidmorgan on Tuesday, 04 January 2011  Page Views: 8530

Roman, Greek and ClassicalSite Name: Kfar HaHoresh
Country: Israel Type: Ancient Temple
Nearest Town: Nazareth
Latitude: 32.701052N  Longitude: 35.272930E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
3
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Ancient Temple in Israel. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B cult centre dating from the 9th millennium BCE.

Note: Prehistoric graves with phallic figurines found in Israel, see comments
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Kfar HaHoresh
Kfar HaHoresh submitted by motist : Kfar HaHoresh (Vote or comment on this photo)

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 3.3km E 98° Mary's Well (Nazareth)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 3.4km N 359° 'Ain zippori* Ancient Village or Settlement
 5.7km N 8° Tzippori* Ancient Village or Settlement
 13.5km W 271° Beit She'arim* Chambered Tomb
 14.6km N 2° Tel Yodfat * Hillfort
 15.3km SSW 213° Megiddo* Ancient Village or Settlement
 15.3km W 263° Tel Qashish Ancient Village or Settlement
 15.5km WSW 241° Ein el-Jarba* Ancient Village or Settlement
 15.9km WSW 255° Tel Yokneam* Artificial Mound
 16.8km SSE 162° Jezreel* Ancient Village or Settlement
 21.2km SSW 194° Tel Taanach* Ancient Village or Settlement
 22.0km N 359° Hilazon Tachtit* Cave or Rock Shelter
 22.0km NW 317° Tel Afek* Ancient Village or Settlement
 24.9km NNW 348° HaYonim cave* Cave or Rock Shelter
 24.9km SE 144° Beit Alpha Ancient Synagogue Mosaic Floor* Ancient Temple
 25.5km NNW 337° Ahihud Ancient Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement
 27.0km ENE 74° Hammat Tiberias* Ancient Village or Settlement
 27.0km NE 55° Dalmanutha* Ancient Village or Settlement
 27.8km N 359° Khirbet Mehoz* Ancient Village or Settlement
 28.0km E 87° Ohalo II* Ancient Village or Settlement
 28.2km NE 43° Hukok* Ancient Temple
 28.4km E 88° Tel Bet Yerah Artificial Mound
 28.5km SSW 213° El-ahwat near kibuts Katsir-Harish* Ancient Village or Settlement
 28.8km E 86° Sea of Galilee Cairn* Cairn
 29.0km W 263° Carmel Prehistoric Caves Cave or Rock Shelter
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Caithness Archaeology: Aspects of Prehistory

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"Kfar HaHoresh" | Login/Create an Account | 2 News and Comments
  
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Kfar HaHoresh a cult and mortuary site in lower Galilee by davidmorgan on Tuesday, 04 January 2011
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Investigations at Kfar HaHoresh, a small site nestled in the Nazareth hills of lower Galilee, have revealed a stratigraphic sequence spanning the early through to the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB). Thirteen painstaking excavation seasons have demonstrated tremendous potential for exploring mortuary, ritual, subsistence and industrial activities in this region, and allow a glimpse into an exciting era in human prehistory.

PPNB (ca. 8500-6750 calBC) corresponds to the period when the first large village communities were established in the fertile areas of the Near East. At this time the sphere of cultural interaction had widened, stretching from central Anatolia to southern Sinai and included Cyprus. Rectilinear houses became commonplace, while public and ritual architecture are also found. Although hunting and gathering remained important, plants and animals were becoming increasingly domesticated. Evidence shows there was intensive ritual activity, and prestige items were exchanged over considerable distances.

It was likely that social tensions within and between communities arose from these changes, exacerbated by differences in the accumulation of material, social and ritual wealth. Yet, few studies have focused on these increased stresses that gave rise to social complexity and ranking, and the effect they may have had on mortuary and burial practices of the period. These included primary interments within settlements, often (but not always) with later skull removal, as well as multiple and secondary burials. In a few instances skulls had the facial features modelled in plaster.

From the beginning of the excavations, it became clear that the main architectural features at Kfar HaHoresh comprised terrace walls, as well as a series of mostly quadrilateral lime plaster surfaces. These surfaces, usually bounded on one or two sides by L-shaped stone wall foundations, vary in size from 3×1.5m up to a massive precinct measuring over 20x10m, which is currently in the process of being exposed. Some of the plastered surfaces are unattached to stone-built walls, and were perhaps accompanied by mud-brick walls. Although none were identified during excavation, micromorphological analyses have shown that mud-brick, or pisé, was used extensively at the site. These structures are accompanied by hearths, ovens and pits, as well as cultic features, such as stelae and platforms. Several lime kilns have also been identified on site.

Many graves occur under or in the vicinity of these walled structures. Human burials at Kfar HaHoresh (presently totalling around 70 individuals) vary from single articulated through multiple secondary burials comprising up to 15 individuals, plus intentional arrangements of human bones. Indeed, in one case the long bones of several individuals appear to have been arranged, perhaps into the profile of an animal, prior to being plastered over. Skull caches were found, including three modelled skulls. Burials at Kfar HaHoresh display an unusual demographic profile compared to other PPNB populations, with an abnormally high representation of young adult males. Grave goods comprise chipped and groundstone tools, shells, minerals and animal bones.

The numerous flint artefacts recovered at Kfar HaHoresh derive from three distinct reduction sequences: naviform, ad hoc and bifacial. Tools include sickle blades, projectile points, burins, perforators and bifacials. Groundstone tools and animal bones, mostly of hunted animals, are also abundant. In fact, the faunal assemblages from the site comprise amongst the largest numbers of identified items from PPNB contexts in the southern Levant. The species represented are comparable with other contemporary sites in the region and include mountain gazelle, wild goat, fallow deer, wild boar, wild cattle, red fox and hare, as well as rodents, birds and rare fish. Goat occurs in higher percentages than in Late Pleistocene assemblages in the area, perhaps indicating incipient domestication, simila

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Prehistoric graves with phallic figurines found in Israel by davidmorgan on Tuesday, 04 January 2011
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Prehistoric graves with an unusual abundance of phallic figurines and oddly arranged human remains have been found in Israel, archaeologists announced recently.

Near Nazerat (Nazareth), the The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site, called Kfar HaHoresh, dates to between 8,500 and 6,750 BCE. The site was uninhabited and probably served surrounding villages as a centralized burial and cult center, said excavation leader Nigel Goring-Morris of Hebrew University's Institute of Archaeology.

Archaeologists have primarily found female symbolic figurines in other burials of this time period. "At Kfar HaHoresh, all the gender-oriented symbolism seems to be male," Goring-Morris said. "Researchers in the past have put more emphasis on the 'mother goddess' of agriculture."

Among other oddities at the newly excavated site are human bones arranged into shapes and even buried with human remains.
At least 65 individuals — mostly young males between the ages of 20 and 30 — were found buried in plaster-surfaced structures. The largest measures 33 feet (10 meters) by at least 66 feet (20 meters).

"This is not a regular site," said Avi Gopher, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University. "There are many burials and many of them are very unusual. Generally, we did not have central cemeteries during this period. But there may well be places where the emphasis on burial was greater," added Gopher.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080901085355.htm

Submitted by coldrum in 2008.
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