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<< Our Photo Pages >> tel 'Arad - Ancient Village or Settlement in Israel

Submitted by motist on Saturday, 14 April 2007  Page Views: 10503

Multi-periodSite Name: tel 'Arad
Country: Israel
NOTE: This site is 13.316 km away from the location you searched for.
Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: 'Arad
Latitude: 31.279862N  Longitude: 35.124554E
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
 3 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
 no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
 4 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
 no data

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tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress shrine Holy of Hollies (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient Village or Settlement in Israel

Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel

Tel 'Arad lies in the Eastern Negev desert, north of the 'Arad rift covering an area of 52 hectares.
Ancient Cannanite settlement in Negev desert inhabited from Neolithic to Roman times. The ruins of a Canaanite city from Early Bronze Age inhabited from the end of the 4th millennium BCE to early 3rd millennium BCE, started as a small village, grew into a planned and fortified city, covering an area of about 10 hectares with a palace, shrines, residential buildings and marketplace.
The water supply was provided by collecting surface run-of rain water which flowed down the streets and drained into a large reservoir situated in a natural depression at the centre of the city, a thick - walled enclosure called "Water Citadel".
'Arad had close ties with Southern Sinai where copper and other goods were brought on the ancient Atarim road.
'Arad became the centre of trade of copper and other products.
The Canaanite city existed for about 350 years, until +- 2650 BCE, in this phase the end of the The Early Bronze age,the fortified cities in the Levant had been abandoned by the inhabitants. Excavations revealed an absence of any human settlement from the end of the Early Bronze Age until the Israelite settlement in the beginning of the 11th century BCE.
The Israelite settlement began on the highest part of the site, a small enclosure was built in a form of a courtyard encircled by residential buildings.
In the reign of King Solomon a fortress was erected on the site.
Inside the fortress some 200 clay sherds (Ostraca) bearing ink-inscribed writings dated to various periods of the Judean Kingdom were discovered; over 100 Ostraca are written in Hebrew and about 90 in Aramaic.
In the fortress a shrine was found with a square altar, erected from bricks and unhewn stone.The shrine layout runs east - west axis, includes an inner courtyard, sanctuary and the Holy of Hollies with two incense altars.
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tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel granary (Vote or comment on this photo)

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - Massebah in the inner shrine (Vote or comment on this photo)

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - the shrine compound with the Israelite fortress in the background (Vote or comment on this photo)

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - Massebah in the inner shrine (Vote or comment on this photo)

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - the alter in the shrines compound (Vote or comment on this photo)

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - granary

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Canaanite city

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress gate

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Canaanite city - cistern

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel marketplace around the cistern

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Canaanite habitations and the Israelite fort in the background.

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Canaanite habitations and city wall

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad,NE' Negev desert, Israel cistern

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel city fortification

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress shrine -the alter with the unhewn stone

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress shrine

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress shrine Holy of Hollies

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Israelite fortress shrine

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : tel 'Arad

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel Canaanite city

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city - Shrines compound

tel 'Arad
tel 'Arad submitted by motist : Tel 'Arad, NE' Negev desert, Israel the Canaanite city

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"tel 'Arad" | Login/Create an Account | 2 News and Comments
  
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Parts of Bible Were Written in First Temple Period, Say Archaeologists by motist on Wednesday, 14 June 2017
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Analysis of military records on pottery shows widespread literacy in the ancient Kingdom of Judah 2,500 years ago: Not only elites could read.
collection of letters written on clay in the Kingdom of Judah some 2,500 years ago is shedding new light on the age of the oldest biblical texts, with the help of sophisticated imaging tools and complex software.

Biblical scholars have long agreed that Judaism's holy texts were put together by different sources over several centuries. When this process began is unclear.
One key question is whether the oldest books of the Bible were written before the destruction of Judah and its capital Jerusalem in 586 BCE, and the subsequent exile to Babylon.

Now a team of researchers at Tel Aviv University says it has proved that ancient Judah had a high literacy rate and a sophisticated educational system, making it possible for the earliest nucleus of the Bible to be written in the First Temple period.


Military dispatches on clay

The research, first revealed in a Haaretz article last year, is to be published this week in the U.S. journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the university said in a press release.
“There’s a heated discussion regarding the timing of the composition of a critical mass of biblical texts, but to answer this, one must ask a broader question: What were the literacy rates in Judah at the end of the First Temple period? And what were the literacy rates later on?” said archaeologist Israel Finkelstein, who leads the team together with the physicist Eliezer Piasetzky.
The unusual group of archaeologists, physicists and mathematicians designed specific imaging tools and algorithms to photograph, digitize and analyze a collection of inscribed potsherds found in the 1960s among the ruins of the Judahite desert stronghold of Arad, between Be’er Sheva and the Dead Sea.
Inscribed potsherds, or ostraca, are among the few surviving documents from the First Temple period. Most of the writing then was probably on fragile papyrus sheets, which have long disappeared.
The Arad ostraca are a collection of military dispatches dating to around the year 600 BCE and are mostly addressed to the fort’s quartermaster, Eliashiv, detailing troop movements and ordering distributions of provisions.
The analysis of texts by the Tel Aviv scientists went well beyond their literal content. The researchers selected 16 out of some 100 ostraca found in Arad; photographed and digitized them; and wrote software that could recognize and compare the handwriting on the most frequently-used letters of the alphabet.
“We designed an algorithm to distinguish between different authors, then composed a statistical mechanism to assess our findings," said Barak Sober, one of the mathematicians on the team. "Through probability analysis, we eliminated the likelihood that the texts were written by a single author."
In fact, the analysis found that just those 16 potsherds had been written by at least six different hands, showing that literacy was widespread in Judah’s army.


They could read in the ranks

It is hard to tell what percentage of the population in the tiny Kingdom of Judah – whose population numbered just around 100,000 – could read and write, Finkelstein said. But the fact that one of the Arad letters was penned by Eliashiv’s deputy means that literacy trickled down to the lower levels of society. It is unlikely that a member of a leading family would be given such a relatively lowly post in a remote desert fort, he said.
"We found indirect evidence of the existence of an educational infrastructure, which could have enabled the composition of biblical texts," said Piasetzky. "Literacy existed at all levels of the administrative, military and priestly systems of Judah. Reading and writing were not limited to a tiny elite."
On the other hand, Finkelstein noted: "Following the fall of Judah, th

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Re: tel 'Arad by motist on Monday, 12 July 2010
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http://www.bibleistrue.com/qna/pqna23.htm
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