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<< Text Pages >> Debra L. Friedkin - Ancient Mine, Quarry or other Industry in United States in The Southwest

Submitted by bat400 on Sunday, 27 March 2011  Page Views: 9542

Multi-periodSite Name: Debra L. Friedkin Alternative Name: Friedkin Site
Country: United States Region: The Southwest Type: Ancient Mine, Quarry or other Industry
Nearest Town: Austin, TX  Nearest Village: Killeen, TX
Latitude: 30.892300N  Longitude: 97.639W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
3
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Ancient Finds in Bell County, Texas.
The Debra Friedkin Site lies on Buttermilk Creek in central Texas, immediately downstream from the extensive excavations of the well known Gault Clovis site. The multicomponent site includes, in stratigraphic order, Late Pre-historic, Archaic, Folsom over Clovis, Clovis over a pre-Clovis layer, a layer lacking any artifacts, and finally, bedrock.

Associated with Texas A&M University, the researchers have defined the pre-Clovis site the Buttermilk Creek Complex. Pre-Clovis finds are limited to tools and tool cores, and tool debris made from the local Edwards chert. Dating of the pre-Clovis layer (14,350-16,170 BP) comes entirely from soil optically simulated luminescence analysis, with no features, charcoal, or organic finds. This implies that the pre-Clovis layer was created by people using the stone resources, but not settling.

The most recent aged finds at Debra Friedkin appear to be floodplain deposits, which opens debate as to the dating of other site components. However, the researchers excavating here have created what appears to be a careful case that the Clovis and pre-Clovis components represent in situ finds, due to the evidence of re-fits and the lack of size sorting of artifacts. (A very good summary of this type of evidence can be found at
Hirst's archaeology.about.com's page on the site and these finds.)

The location given is only approximate for the site.

Sources:

"The Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas." Michael R. Waters, Steven L. Forman, Thomas A. Jennings, et al, Science 25 March 2011, Vol. 331 no. 6024 pp. 1599-1603, and its on-line supplement information.

"Stone tools 'demand new American story', " Paul Rincon and Jonathan Amos, BBC News - Science and Environment, 25 March 2011.

"Texas Find Turns Back Clock On Settlers In America," Joe Palca, National Public Radio Morning Edition, 25 March 2011.

Note: Near famous Clovis Site in Texas, Earlier Americans at Buttermilk Creek.
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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
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