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<< Our Photo Pages >> Toltec Mounds - Misc. Earthwork in United States in The South

Submitted by bat400 on Saturday, 21 April 2007  Page Views: 5633

Multi-periodSite Name: Toltec Mounds
Country: United States
NOTE: This site is 77.135 km away from the location you searched for.

Region: The South Type: Misc. Earthwork
Nearest Town: Little Rock  Nearest Village: Scott
Latitude: 34.647000N  Longitude: 92.063W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
3 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
5 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
4 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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Toltec Mounds - Mound C
Toltec Mounds - Mound C submitted by bat400 : Mound C and Mound A (l to r) at Toltec Mounds. Mound C is a burial Mound. Mound A, at 50 feet tall is the largest Mound in Arkansas. Photo by bat400, April 2007. (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient ceremonial center in Lonoke County, Arkansas.
The structures of Toltec Mounds were built between 600 and 900 AD and include an earthen pyramid, a variety of structural mounds, a burial mound, all grouped around two large oval plazas. Toltec lies on the edge on the remnant of an oxbow of the Arkansas River and was surrounded on the other sides by an earthen embankment and ditch.

Although the culture that built the mounds (now known as Plum Bayou) appears to be entirely indigenous to what is now the southern continental United States, the owner of the land in mid 1800's named the site after the Toltec of Mesoamerica.

The Plum Bayou people lived in small sedentary farmsteads, raising a variety of non-intensive crops and hunting and gathering wild foods. The mound group appears to have been a ceremonial or political focus. Very few burials and practically no evidence of living quarters have been found within the embankment. In this way the site has more in common with the large Hopewell-type ceremonial sites of the Ohio Valley (around 200 BC - 500 AD) as opposed to Mississippian villages of the central and southeastern United States (1000 to 1500 AD.)

The site is a large semicircle on the edge of Mound Pond, originally enclosed by an earthen wall about 6 feet high and an outer ditch as much as 12 feet deep. There was no palisade fence, and multiple entrances, so the embankment is considered to be a boundary for this scared or political space, and not defensive. There were once as many as 18 mounds of various sizes. For the most part only the larger mounds remain.

This has been an Arkansas state park since the 1970's, and is also designated a National Historic Landmark. The site is well known and the subject of a variety of digs in the nineteenth century. When the property was first acquired by the state several years of modern excavation followed. Recently emphasis has turned to study of habitation sites outside this ceremonial center.

A visitor's center and museum provides educational displays and guides. There is a easy mowed trail through the park and a shorter paved path that allows access to the larger mounds to all visitors. Guided tours by tram are offered during part of the year. There is a small fee and the site is open Tuesday through Sunday throughout the year. See the website for details.

The location given is general for the site.
[Information from park displays and the park guides, "Knapp Trail Guide" and "Plum Bayou Trail." Additional information from "Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture" Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 18, edited by Martha Ann Rolingson, published in 1996. This bibliography applies to the site listings for the individual features of the Toltec Mounds complex.]
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Toltec Mounds
Toltec Mounds submitted by bat400 : Toltec Mounds Archaeological Park. Stitched photo taken from entrance to site. (Left to right) Mound C, Mound A and Moun B. Photo by bat400 April 2007. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Toltec Mounds
Toltec Mounds submitted by AKFisher : Illustrated overview of the Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological Site in central Arkansas. It was occupied by its original inhabitants from from the 7th to the 11th century. Photo credit Wiki: (Herb Roe). (Vote or comment on this photo)

Toltec Mounds
Toltec Mounds submitted by AKFisher : 1800's Smithsonian illustration by H. L. Lewis of one of the mounds at the Toltec mounds, now called Plum Bayou, near Little Rock, Arkansas. Photo courtesy Dr Greg Little, author of the Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Indian Mounds & Earthworks (2016).  (Vote or comment on this photo)

Toltec Mounds
Toltec Mounds submitted by bat400 : Mounds F and B (l to r). Mound F has been sheared away by years of plowing, into a narrow oval right on the bank of Mound Pond. Mound B, the 40 foot tall pyramid, lies beyond. Photo by bat400, April 2007. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Toltec Mounds - Embankment
Toltec Mounds - Embankment submitted by bat400 : Remaining portion of the Embankment at the Toltec Mounds site. This can be made out, barely, through the trees. Unfortunately, it is not accessible to a visitor. Photo by bat400, April 2007. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Toltec Mounds - Mound B
Toltec Mounds - Mound B submitted by bat400 : Mound B, the Temple Pyramid. 40 feet tall. Photo by bat400, April 2007.

Toltec Mounds - Mound A
Toltec Mounds - Mound A submitted by bat400 : Toltec Mounds - Mound A. Photo by bat400, April 2007.

Toltec Mounds
Toltec Mounds submitted by bat400 : Toltec Mounds Archaeological Park. Mound C and Mound A (left to right.) Photo by SEM April 2007.

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 218m WSW 246° Toltec Mounds - Mound B* Pyramid / Mastaba
 231m SSE 157° Toltec Mounds - Embankment* Misc. Earthwork
 320m SW 230° Toltec Mounds - Mound C* Barrow Cemetery
 394m WSW 257° Toltec Mounds - Mound A* Artificial Mound
 94.8km NW 304° Petit Jean State Park* Rock Art
 102.2km SE 131° Menard-Hodges Site* Artificial Mound
 132.5km ESE 107° Carson Mounds* Artificial Mound
 139.5km SE 134° Christmas Mound* Artificial Mound
 146.0km E 94° West Mounds* Artificial Mound
 147.2km ESE 101° Salomon Mounds* Artificial Mound
 148.8km E 99° Barbee Mound* Artificial Mound
 151.2km ESE 104° Alcorn Cemetery Mound* Artificial Mound
 152.7km E 90° Beaverdam Mounds* Artificial Mound
 152.8km E 90° Evansville Mounds* Artificial Mound
 153.3km ESE 108° Dunn Mounds* Artificial Mound
 154.1km ENE 63° Parkin* Ancient Village or Settlement
 154.5km E 82° Commerce Mounds* Artificial Mound
 155.3km E 84° Hollywood Mounds* Artificial Mound
 155.5km E 86° Johnson Cemetery Mound* Artificial Mound
 158.6km SE 144° Winterville* Artificial Mound
 162.4km ENE 63° Berry Cemetery Mound* Artificial Mound
 163.6km SE 135° Carter Mounds* Artificial Mound
 163.6km SE 143° Metcalfe Mounds Artificial Mound
 165.3km WSW 247° Ka-Do-Ha* Museum
 166.4km ENE 62° Richard's Bridge Ancient Village or Settlement
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"Toltec Mounds" | Login/Create an Account | 2 News and Comments
  
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Re: Toltec Mounds by AKFisher on Tuesday, 29 August 2023
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Known now (2023) as the Plum Bayou Mounds Archaeological State Park in Arkansas. Also known as the Knapp Mounds. See link:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park
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Street View Toltec Mounds by bat400 on Friday, 09 April 2010
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View Toltec Mounds
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