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Ancestral Geographies of the Neolithic, Edmonds, Bender

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<< Other Photo Pages >> Mount Royal Site - Artificial Mound in United States in The South

Submitted by AKFisher on Friday, 04 August 2023  Page Views: 168

Pre-ColumbianSite Name: Mount Royal Site Alternative Name: Mount Royal Mounds
Country: United States Region: The South Type: Artificial Mound
Nearest Town: Crescent City, FL
Latitude: 29.436430N  Longitude: 81.66027W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
2 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
3 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
3 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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External Links:

Mount Royal Site
Mount Royal Site submitted by AKFisher : The Mount Royal Mound in Florida. It was here that C. B. Moore began his excavations in the 1800s. Photo courtesy Dr Greg Little, author of the Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Indian Mounds & Earthworks (2016). (Vote or comment on this photo)
Mount Royal (8PU35) is a U.S. archaeological site close to where the St. Johns River exits from Lake George in Putnam County, Florida. It is located three miles (5 km) south of Welaka, in the Mount Royal Airpark, off County Road 309 on the eastern bank of the St. Johns River. The site consists of a large sand mound and several nearby middens.

The Mount Royal site was occupied beginning about 4,000 years ago. The site was largely unoccupied from 500 BCE until 750 CE. Mount Royal was occupied again after 750, and after 1050 it grew into the main town of an important chiefdom with connections to the Mississippian culture. The town lost importance after 1300, but a settlement, called Enacape, was still there when Europeans entered the area in the 1560s. The Spanish mission of San Antonio de Enacape was located in the town from 1595 until after 1656.

Location:

The Mount Royal site is located on the east side of the St. Johns River between Lake George, to the south, and Little Lake George. The site is on the north side of a short section of the river that flows to the west (the river in general flows northward). The most prominent feature is a large sand mound about 90 metres (300 ft) from the river. A causeway or avenue, still visible at the end of the 19th century, but since obscured, ran north from the mound to a rectangular pond. The mound is on a 1 acre (0.40 ha) parcel now owned by the State of Florida. The surrounding area, including the middens and village area, is part of the Mount Royal Airpark residential development.[4]

Archaeological investigation:

The Bartrams
The Mount Royal site entered the archaeological record in 1766, when John Bartram and his son William visited it. William returned to the site 15 years later. They found a sand mound 100 yards (90 m) in diameter, and almost 20 feet (6 m) tall. The Bartrams described an "avenue" running north from the mound, with raised banks on the sides. The avenue was "level as a floor", 60 yards (50 m) wide, and extended about .75 miles (1.2 km) to a rectangular pond 100 yards (91.4 m) wide and 150 yards (137.2 m) long. John Bartram speculated the pond had been a borrow pit from which the sand in the mound had been taken.[5]

On William's return to the site, he found that an orange grove and palms and live oaks that had flanked the avenue in 1766 had been cleared in preparation for planting. The 19th-century archaeologist Samuel Foster Haven called the reports published by the Bartrams "the earliest 'careful and intelligent' descriptions of a native American Indian mound."[6]

Clarence Moore:
In 1891, Clarence Bloomfield Moore, a self-trained archaeologist, investigated shell middens along the St. Johns River. In 1893, he returned to the St. Johns and began excavating sand mounds, including the one at Mount Royal. In two short seasons (two-and-a-half weeks in 1893 and three weeks in 1894), Moore excavated and backfilled almost all of the sand mound.[7] He published his findings at Mount Royal in two parts in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1894, a total of more than 250 pages.[8]

Before Moore's first visit, the mound had been plowed over and the sides of the mound had slumped down, raising the ground level around the mound. As a result, Moore encountered problems with measuring the height of the mound. He estimated that the mound was 4.9 m. high, and stated that it had been much higher originally. He reported that the mound was 168 metres (551 ft) in circumference. The connection of the avenue to the mound was no longer discernible. He reported that the avenue was 12 to 20 yards (11 to 18 m) wide, flanked by berms that were an average of 2.5 feet (0.76 m) high and 12 feet (3.7 m) wide.[9]

Later investigations:
In the early 1950s John Goggin and his students from the University of Florida collected potsherds and other artifacts from the ground surface of the middens and other areas surrounding the Mount Royal mound. By this time the avenue reported by the Bartrams and Moore was no longer visible from the ground, but did show up in aerial photos. With the area slated for residential development, B. Calvin Jones of the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research conducted investigations in 1983, 1994 and 1995, including shovel tests and focused excavations of selected areas.[10]. Souce: Wikipedia.

References:
1. National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. Milanich 1999, p. 8.
3. Milanich 1999, pp. 9–13.
4. Ashley 2005, pp. 265–266.
5. Ashley 2005, p. 265.
6. Ashley 2005, pp. 265–66.
7. Milanich 1999, pp. 3, 6.
8. Milanich 1999, Sources.
9. Ashley 2005, pp. 266–67.
10. Ashley 2005, p. 272.

Sources:
Ashley, Keith H. (September–December 2005). "Archaeological Overview of Mt. Royal". The Florida Anthropologist. 58 (3–4): 265–286 – via University of Florida Digital Collections.
Milanich, Jerald T. (1994). Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1273-2.
Milanich, Jerald T. (1999). Famous Florida Sites: Crystal River and Mount Royal. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1694-8.

Further reading and information:
Moore, Clarence Bloomfield (1894). Certain Sand Mounds of the St. John's River, Florida, Part 1. Philadelphia: The Levytype Company. - Free downloadable ebook
Moore, Clarence Bloomfield (1894). Certain Sand Mounds of the St. John's River, Florida, Part 2. Philadelphia: The Levytype Company. - Free downloadable ebook

Directions:
From Crescent City, FL via Huntington Rd, 11.1 mi.
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Mount Royal Site
Mount Royal Site submitted by AKFisher : The famous Mount Royal Mound in Florida where CB Moore excavated embossed copper plates in 1893-4. The mound is in a gated, private airport community. Photo courtesy Dr Greg Little, author of the Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Indian Mounds & Earthworks (2016).  (Vote or comment on this photo)

Mount Royal Site
Mount Royal Site submitted by AKFisher : Moore found a copper plate embossed with what are now known as "ogee" symbols. A near exact copper plate was wound in Spiro, Oklahoma in the 1930s. Photo courtesy Dr Greg Little, author of the Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Indian Mounds & Earthworks (2016). (Vote or comment on this photo)

Do not use the above information on other web sites or publications without permission of the contributor.

Nearby Images from Flickr
Ft Gates Ferry (#0441)
Ft Gates Ferry (#0442)
17012632ir
17012611bw
Cross Florida iTT CFiTT 2015
The Mount Royal Site Marker F-411 Welaka FL

The above images may not be of the site on this page, but were taken nearby. They are loaded from Flickr so please click on them for image credits.


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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 56.1km E 99° Nocoroco* Ancient Village or Settlement
 56.8km E 101° Strickland Mound Complex Barrow Cemetery
 59.0km SSE 150° Hontoon Island State Park* Artificial Mound
 61.3km ESE 106° Ormond Burial Mound* Barrow Cemetery
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 82.7km SSE 148° Indian Mound Village Site* Artificial Mound
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 102.4km SE 126° Castle Windy Artificial Mound
 104.5km N 5° Mill Cove Complex* Artificial Mound
 108.7km WSW 238° Crystal River Archaeological State Park* Barrow Cemetery
 127.5km SE 141° Windover (Florida)* Barrow Cemetery
 145.9km SE 143° Brevard Museum of History and Natural Sciences* Museum
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 187.1km SSW 212° Safety Harbor Mound* Artificial Mound
 199.4km SSW 208° Weedon Island Preserve* Barrow Cemetery
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 227.1km SSW 204° Madira Bickel Mound State Archaeological Site* Artificial Mound
 232.6km N 10° Sapelo Island Shell Ring Complex Ancient Village or Settlement
 233.4km SSW 205° De Soto National Memorial* Artificial Mound
 234.0km SSW 205° Pillsbury Temple Mound Artificial Mound
 235.0km SSE 148° Vero Beach* Ancient Village or Settlement
 249.9km SSW 200° Humming Stone Sarasota (Summstein)* Modern Stone Circle etc
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