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Inscribed Across the Landscape: The Cursus Monuments of Great Britain

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<< Text Pages >> Tullahedy - Ancient Village or Settlement in Ireland (Republic of) in Co. Tipperary

Submitted by davidmorgan on Wednesday, 21 November 2012  Page Views: 2759

Multi-periodSite Name: Tullahedy Alternative Name: Tullaheady
Country: Ireland (Republic of) County: Co. Tipperary Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Nenagh
Latitude: 52.845776N  Longitude: 8.246003W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
1 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
2 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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Ancient Village or Settlement in Co. Tipperary

A 4th millennium BC Neolithic lakeside settlement.

"Tullahedy is interpreted as an enclosed Neolithic settlement site and available radiocarbon dates place the activity in the period 3700–3390 BC. At the time of settlement in Tullahedy, sea-levels were higher than today and the low-lying hinterland was flooded below the 50 foot contour. Flat peatland around the site now marks the former lake. The surrounding landscape was a large ribbon-type lake, extending into the River Shannon and presumably providing egress and access via boat for the inhabitants.

"A lake edge that was probably contemporary with the Neolithic settlement was recorded on the south and south-east side and must have formed a natural barrier or enclosing feature on that side. A band of cobbles marked the former shoreline and the former lake was visible as peat that formed over lacustrine marl. The artificially constructed enclosing element was a palisade along the north-west and west side of this glacial mound. The palisade was constructed of oak planks set in a slot-trench and the recorded length on the excavation was c. 96 m. A radiocarbon date of 3641–3524 BC from the palisade shows that it was contemporary with the settlement.

"The extant settlement evidence comprised two Neolithic houses, with associated hearths, built within a hollow on the south-east side of the mound. The hollow may originally have been a glacial kettle-hole (a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers) that was deepened to provide shelter for the houses. The view from the houses would have been towards the lake. The houses were rectangular in plan and it is estimated that one structure was about 6–7 m long and 5 m wide, while the second structure was at least 9 m long and 7 m wide. The walls were probably oak planks set in foundation trenches. Some of the packing stones were quern-stones, perhaps reused deliberately as part of the foundations in some ritual act, much as we do today when coins are buried in house foundations. Dates for the structures are c. 3650 BC. Remains of a third Neolithic house were excavated near the lakeshore, and this was again rectangular in plan but relatively small, measuring only 3.5 m wide and 4 m long.

"One of the most remarkable aspects of the site was the number of pits that were recorded. These extended across the entire site, with exceptionally large earth-cut pits on the southwest where the ground was low-lying; but pits were also recorded upslope, where they were cut into the glacial mound. Finds from the pits included stone tools, such as polished stone axeheads, pottery and charred plant remains, including wheat, oats and barley. The interpretation of these pits may be, on the most banal level, that they were rubbish dumps, but there may also have been some type of ritual action whereby precious material was returned to the earth from which it came."

Excavation Director Hilary Kelleher provides a summary of her investigation of a unique Neolithic settlement at Tullahedy, Co. Tipperary, which she excavated on behalf of the Department of Archaeology, University College Cork.
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