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<< Our Photo Pages >> Caral - Ancient Village or Settlement in Peru

Submitted by bat400 on Tuesday, 06 November 2018  Page Views: 30567

Multi-periodSite Name: Caral Alternative Name: Caral Archaeological Project, Caral Supe, Chico Norte-Caral
Country: Peru Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Barranco  Nearest Village: Caral
Latitude: 10.892S  Longitude: 77.5209W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
2 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
4 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
4 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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External Links:

I have visited· I would like to visit

bat400 visited on 31st Aug 2018 - their rating: Cond: 2 Amb: 5 Access: 3 A wonderful and astonishing place. Caral is surrounded by hills on all sides; the entry to the site is generally along the Supe River coming from the coast and the Pan-American highway. For late August we were very lucky as the dense coastal overcast broke the afternoon we were there and held off until the sun began to set. Once away from the river valley itself the Peruvean coast is arid and the pyramids of Caral exist in this stark landscape. Walkways and signage (with substantial English translations from the Spanish) are what a western tourist would expect, although trained local guides are provided, and I believe, required. The tourist route is a circuit of the ceremonial plaza surrounded by the stepped pyramids. At each pyramid there is a sign displaying major artifact finds at that building. You cannot climb up into the structures. I am uncertain whether one can walk into the western portion of the site, where most residential complexes were built (but these would be generally much less interesting, I would think.) There is an open air museum near the parking area / site entrance with artifacts and replicas in cases and many displays explaining Caral and what is known about its culture. We visited Caral as part of a 9 day tour of archaeological sites in Northern Peru through WH Tours. Ask me about them - they are great.

mfrincu visited on 3rd Apr 2015 - their rating: Cond: 3 Amb: 5 Access: 4 The oldes ruins in the Americas. It is said this is the 2nd oldest civilization on Earth after Sumer. Many of pyramids some in good shape. The place is near a river similar with Giza in Egypt near the Nile.



Average ratings for this site from all visit loggers: Condition: 2.5 Ambience: 5 Access: 3.5

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The La Huanca Monolith in the plaza with the Gallery Pyramid in the background. The standing stone is roughly 12 feet tall, and mounted in a sunken area. Although identified as having astronomical associations, such characteristics are not well described in the literature I've seen on Caral. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018. (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient City in Barranca Provence, Peru.
Caral's chief excavator, Dr. Ruth Shady Solis, has called Caral "the Mother City" of the Americas. This city of a Late Archaic culture was built and occupied from around 2600 BC to 1900 BC (by carbon dating.) It is considered one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas, substantially predating Mayan, Mississippian, and Aztec cultures.

The city covers 150 acres and includes stepped pyramids of quarried and shaped stone, plazas, numerous large buildings, and smaller residences. The location is general for the city center, not a location for a specific structure. Many of the ceremonial structures show multiple phases of building and some may have begun their construction as early as 3000 BC. The stone faced step pyramids you see are thought to be representational of the occupation in the 2500 to 1900 BC periods.

Common features of the Caral Supe Civilization include stepped pyramids grouped around an open plaza, and sunken circular walled plazas. A construction method common to multiple sites in this culture is the use of woven bags or baskets containing many rough relatively small stones. These "shicras" were used as fill between walls or making up the bulk of plarforms. This method was in large buildings of adobe, unshaped stone and faced stone. It is believed this made the stepped pyramids resilient to the earthquakes common on the west coast of South America.
The culture transitioned from pre-ceramic, although unfired clay figurines are found from the earliest periods. Cotton cord as well as other textiles, baskets, and structural artifacts from domesticated cotton and items made from wild plant fibers have been found as well as stone and bone tools, and plant and animal food remains.
Peruvian cultural artifacts associated with much later periods have also been found at Caral, possibly including the quipu, a method of record keeping using knotted strings. A possible quipu found at Caral dates back to the earlier days of the city, nearly 5000 years.

The site has ample signage with substantial translations to English from the Spanish, museum displays, and parking and modern tourist facilities. However, there is little or no public transport, and access from the highway is 10 km on minor roads with some damage (in 2018) from the 2017 El Nino flooding. Day trips tours from Lima are common, but Caral and other sites of the Caral Supe culture may also be visited out of Barranca with hired private drivers.

Website: Caral Official Website.
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Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. View of most of the city with ceremonial area in the foreground right. The large residential and working area is to the west beyond the pyramids. Major structures are labeled. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018. (1 comment - Vote or comment on this photo)

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The Greater Pyramid with its circular plaza. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The Amphitheater Temple in the lower portion of the city. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. Overview of eastern portion of ceremonial area with major structures labeled. The La Huanca Monolith, the Huanca Pyramis and the Gallery Pyramid form a right angle triangle. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The circular plaza in front of the Greater Pyramid. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by sophs74 : Archaeologists lunch break at Caral, Peru

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The "Altar of the Sacred Fire". This is circular structure within a square walled courtyard is attached to the Amphitheater Temple. Here and in five other locations at Caral, there is a central hearth with an underground vent feeding it with air. These vented hearths appear to be ceremonial in nature, and are not found the many homes that can be found in resid...

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. The Greater Pyramid. It was built on the north side of the plaza, facing south. Like the Amphitheater Temple, the Greater pyramid has a circular plaza in front of the structure, surrounded by a stone wall. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. Pyramid Huanca, the northern side, facing the plaza. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018. (1 comment)

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. Niches at the Amphitheater Temple. Similar niches are common in multiple ancient to pre-contact western South American sites, made from both stone (like these) and adobe. Exactly how these very old examples at Caral were used is unknown. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. Overview of ceremonial area, with major buildings surrounding a plaza. Photo taken from the Amphitheater Temple in the lower portion of the city. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. View of eastern portion of ceremonial area with major structures labeled. This was taken from the vantage of the Amphitheater Temple which is on a lower level of the site. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. Overview of the city with the ceremonial structures and plaza to the right and in the foreground. Residential areas stretch to the west, beyond the stepped pyramids and plaza. Photo by bat400, Aug 31, 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by bat400 : Site in Barranca Provence, Peru. View of the Supe River Valley. Caral is built on a terrace above the river. Other, much smaller Caral-Supe culture sites in this valley are very close to Caral and can be visited, although none of them have the signage or infrastructure supporting tourism. Photo by bat400, 31 Aug 2018.

Caral
Caral submitted by mfrincu : Pyramids at Caral.

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Re: Caral by ryszard on Thursday, 27 October 2011
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This link will get you to a super aerial view of part of CARAL at the edge of the desert with the fertile river valley beyond. The site was a ceremonial/religious area with the population in the valley, where there are other ruins, scattered up and down the valley.

http://www.zonacaral.gob.pe/2011/Docs/0/programas/octubre/programa-17-aniversario-caral.pdf

Those interested can translate the text using Google translation

http://translate.google.es/#es|en|
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The Caral Figurines by bat400 on Wednesday, 20 October 2010
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Submitted by coldrum ---

The first civilizations in the Americas had their origins in the northern coastal valleys of the Peruvian coast, thousands of years before the Olmecs of Mexico. Caral, principal city of a civilization that has its founding traced back as far as 5000 years has given up a number of amazing surprises, one being the earliest quipu ever found which completely changed researcher’s ideas on their development and their age.

Not stopping there, Caral’s ancient people have offered up new opportunities for researchers to investigate.

Found in the pyramid called La Huanca, the discovery of three well preserved clay figurines has the archaeology community overjoyed.

One great example shows a male figure of high social rank that was placed as an offering beneath a newer platform of the pyramid as part of a ritual when restoring the construction. The figure is nude and sitting with his legs crossed, his eyes closed and mouth semi-open. He has a headdress with five tufts on the back. Interestingly, his legs were broken off before being buried, these not being placed with the figurine.

In the La Cantera pyramid was found a female statuette without a head, without legs and just one arm – buried as an offering during the construction of a ceremonial room.

In the pyramid La Galería archeaologists found a clay head, originally part of a larger statuette of a male, also with a headdress that looks like a turban, in a similar style to the first figurine mentioned from La Huanca.

The statues have yielded considerable information about the complex social structure that characterized the Caral civilization. They are thought to have replaced human beings in sacrifice rituals related to the renovation of buildings and to fertility.

They have also provide invaluable information about different styles of clothing, hairstyles and headdresses as indicators of gender.

The discoveries have also highlighted the importance women had in social structures, as evidenced by two statues discovered in recent years in the nearby site of Miraya of a priestess and her male companion.

So far, archaeologists in the Supe valley have found over 150 figurines, all made of unbaked clay from 5 to 11 cm in height.

For more, read enperublog.com. [Note: As of 2017, this link is broken.]
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HISTORY OF PERU SERIES PART 1: THE DAWN OF URBANIZATION by bat400 on Friday, 25 June 2010
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Submitted by coldrum ---

The first of a series of articles on Peru’s history, incorporating stories from the Peruvian Times archives, as well as links to videos, audio and other external sources to provide a rich background of information.

Together with China, India, Egypt, Iraq and Mesoamerica, Peru forged the “cradles of civilization”, the first recognizably urban areas in world history. The photo below (which, although in colour, seems mainly grey reflecting the desert materials of the site in the early morning light) shows the main pyramid and amphitheater, just one part of the complex of constructions (including six truncated, terraced, pyramid platforms) at Caral in the Norte Chico area some 180 kilometers to the north of Lima.

In this part of the special History of Peru series for the Peruvian Times we ask how did early-Peruvians move from a simple nomadic life to forming more complex societies, congregating into urban or semi-urban areas?

Caral stood out as a clear candidate for inclusion in our series not least because it forms part of a greater “complex of formative towns and archaeological sites” (the whole Norte Chico zone) but also because of its current high-standing in the popular imagination.

Taken as a whole, the zone provides dateable materials stretching even further back than 5,000 years ago. Caral has produced little evidence that people at that stage formed towns or extended settlements as protection against attack, but plenty of evidence of economic specialization and hence exchange and trade (for example making fishing-nets in exchange for fish) associated with unusually long periods of peace.

They had “early khipus” (well, at least one – the khipu or quipu was a pre-hispanic knotted-string recording device) which could have provided the basis for an accounting system. In Sumeria about the same time the world’s first writing was, indeed, coming on stream using clay tablets but ceramics was not a technique available in Peru until about 1,800 BC thus impeding the easy development of writing. On the other hand writing in Sumeria seems to have been used mainly for “book-keeping”.

The website of the official excavation and development team under the leadership of Dr Ruth Shady Solis is to be found at http://www.caralperu.gob.pe . Also, an extended version of this article with footnotes will appear on the http://academia.wikia.com/wiki/History_of_Peru website in approximately ten days following its publication in the Peruvian Times. There is also now a museum at Végueta and organized tours to the “three economically-linked cities” of Caral, Aspero and Vichama, all in the same zone. Again, updated information is available from the Caral website.

For more, see http://www.peruviantimes.com, Paul Goulder, Special to the Peruvian Times. He references videos about the site, accessible on the web.
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Frieze dated from 5,000 years ago found in Peru by Andy B on Sunday, 11 October 2009
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A frieze that would have been sculpted 5,000 years ago, was found at Vichama archaeological complex, some 120km to the north of Lima, according to archaeologists of the Caral-Supe project.

According to a press release, the most notable part of the frieze is one that represents a human hand holding an object like a knife or a spindle.

The exposed part of the hand measures 23 x 20 inches, and the instrument is 35 cm long by 20 centimeters wide.

The archaeologists think that the frieze might be associated with ceremonial activities, and could probably represent a particular scene or ritual slaughter.

Dated from 5,000 years ago, this would be one of the oldest friezes in the region.

http://www.livinginperu.com/news/10316 [Note: As of 2017, this link is broken.]
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Ancient city in Peru likely to be considered as World Heritage Site by Andy B on Friday, 12 June 2009
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Soon, the ancient city of Caral in Peru may be marked as a World cultural heritage site.

According to a report in http://www.LivinginPeru.com , archaeologist Ruth Shady says that the ruins of the ancient city of Caral, located at 207 km or 128 miles to the north of Lima, meet the conditions to join the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Shady is a well known researcher of the Caral civilization, based in Supe valley, province of Barranca in Lima region.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) said that they will assess request applications in this list of new sites around the world, including Caral.

Shady pointed out that Caral is considered the oldest civilization of Peru and America and is more than 5,000 years old.

"We are confident that the World Heritage Committee will recognize the universal values of Caral in order to declare this city a World Cultural Heritage site," Shady said.

(thanks to coldrum)
Source:
http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-49511.html [2017 - link is now broken]
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Re: Natural Disasters Doomed Peruvian Supe Mother Culture by ryszard on Wednesday, 21 January 2009
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Interesting articles on Caral & related civilisation here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization
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Natural Disasters Doomed Peruvian Supe Mother Culture by bat400 on Wednesday, 21 January 2009
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Mike Moseley of the University of Florida and Ruth Shady, the principal archaeologist of Caral, have found evidence of major natural disasters that may have destroyed the original urban cultures of the Supe Valley over 3000 years ago.

"Nature turned against one of America's early civilizations 3,600 years ago, when researchers say earthquakes and floods, followed by blowing sand, drove away residents of an area that is now in Peru. "This maritime farming community had been successful for over 2,000 years, they had no incentive to change, and then all of a sudden, boom, they just got the props knocked out from under them," anthropologist Mike Moseley of the University of Florida said in a statement.

"Moseley and colleagues were studying civilization of the Supe Valley along the Peruvian coast, which was established up to 5,800 years ago.
The people thrived on land adjacent to productive bays and estuaries, the researchers report in Tuesday's edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"The Supe fished with nets, irrigated fruit orchards and grew cotton and a variety of vegetables, according to evidence found by research co-author Ruth Shady, a Peruvian archaeologist. They also built stone pyramids thousands of years before the better known Mayans.

"They found that a massive earthquake, or series of quakes, struck the seismically active region, collapsing walls and floors and launching landslides from barren mountain ranges surrounding the valley.
In addition, layers of silt indicate massive flooding followed."

For more, see http://www.sott.net. [Note: As of 2017 this is a broken link, please see the comment immediately below with an active link to this research.]
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    Quake Triggered Collapse by bat400 on Thursday, 22 January 2009
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    A better article summarizing the findings of the paper published 20 January 2009 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences can be found here at the
    L.A.Times World News.
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Caral Film at Archaeology Channel by bat400 on Thursday, 29 May 2008
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There is an 11 minute film on Carel Supe at the Archaeology Channel Website. It's a fairly simplified overview with little or no citation, but includes footage of various structures at the site as well as statement from chief excavator, Dr. Ruth Shady Solis.
The basic tourist amenities available are also shown: Signposted entrance, access by auto, a welcome area, a picnic area, and "rustic" toilets.
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Re: Caral by Andy B on Sunday, 23 December 2007
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The mother of all civilisations

The ruins were so magnificent and sprawling that some people believed that the aliens from a faraway galaxy had built the huge pyramids that stood in the desert across the Andes.

Some historians believed that the complex society, which existed at that time, was born out of fear and war. They looked for the telltale signs of violence that they believed led to the creation of this civilisation. But, they could not find even a hint of any warfare. It was baffling. Even years after Ruth Shady Solis found the ancient city of pyramids at Caral in Peru, it continues to surprise historians around the world. It took Ruth Shady many years and many rounds of carbon dating to prove that the earliest known civilisation in South Americas—at 2,627 BC–was much older than the Harappa Valley towns and the pyramids of Egypt.

Solis, an archaeologist at the National University of San Marcos, Lima, was looking for the fabled missing link of archaeology— a ‘mother city’—when she stumbled upon the ancient city of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru a few years ago. Her findings were stunning.

It showed that a full-fledged urban civilisation existed at the place around 2700 BC. The archaeologist and her team found a huge compound at Caral: 65 hectares in the central zone, encompassing six large pyramids, many smaller pyramids, two circular plazas, temples, amphitheatres and other architectural features including residential districts spread in the desert, 23 km from the coast.

The discovery of Caral has pushed back the history of the Americas: Caral is more than 1,000 years older than Machu Picchu of the Incas. They built huge structures in Caral hundreds of years before the famous drainage system of Harappa and the pyramids of Egypt were even designed.

But, it was not easy for Ruth Shady to prove this. It was only in 2001 that the journal Science reported the Peruvian archaeologist’s discovery. And, despite the hard evidence backing her, she is still trying to convince people that Caral was indeed the oldest urban civilisation in the world.

"There were many problems, many of them in my own country," says Ruth Shady, on a visit to India to discuss her discovery with other historians. "The discovery of Caral challenged the accepted beliefs. Some historians were not ready to believe that an urban civilisation existed in Peru even before the pyramids were built in Egypt," she says.

Basically, there were two problems. First, for decades archaeologist have been looking for a ‘mother city’ to find an answer to the question: why did humans become civilised?

The historians had been searching for this answer in Egypt, Mesopotamia (Iraq), India and China. They didn’t expect to find the first signs of city life in a Peruvian desert. Secondly, most historians believed that only the fear of war could motivate people to form complex societies. And, since Caral did not show any trace of warfare; no battlements, no weapons, and no mutilated bodies, they found it hard to accept it as the mother city.

That’s when Ruth Shady stepped in with her discovery. "This place is somewhere between the seat of the gods and the home of man," she says, adding that Caral was a gentle society, built on trade and pleasure. "This great civilisation was based on trade in cotton. Caral made the cotton for the nets, which were sold to the fishermen living near the coast. Caral became a booming trading centre and the trade spread," she says.

Caral was born in trade and not bloodshed. Warfare came much later. This is what this mother city shows: great civilisations are born in peace. Ruth Shady continues to battle for this great truth.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/HealthScience/The_mother_of_all_civilisations/articleshow/2625053.cms
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Re: Caral by Aluta on Friday, 26 October 2007
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A video about Caral.
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Re: Caral by bat400 on Sunday, 22 October 2006
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Andy b originally posted this article from the Associated Press on 21 Oct 2006:

A sudden wind gust blows eerily down from rocky Andean foothills, kicking up a cinnamon-colored cloud over the moonscape of ruins that is the oldest city in the Americas. The sky is a crisp blue. All around in the Supe River Valley are lush fields of onion and corn.

We are in Caral, three hours and nearly 5,000 years from contemporary Lima, Peru’s bustling capital, and we’ve spent the last half hour or so on a bumpy drive from the coast, along a dirt road blocked periodically by bleating herds of goats and sheep.

Caral made headlines in 2001 when researchers carbon-dated material from the city back to 2627 B.C. It is a must-see for archaeology enthusiasts.

Even though the ruins in the dusty, wind-swept Supe River Valley don’t approximate in majesty the mountains that surround the famed Inca ruins at Machu Picchu, they are an unforgettable sight under the glow of a fiery sunset.

Dotted with pyramid temples, sunken plazas, housing complexes and an amphitheater, Caral is one of 20 sites attributed to the ancient Caral-Supe culture that run almost linearly from Peru’s central coast inland up the Andes.

The ruins changed history when researchers proved that a complex urban center in the Americas thrived as a contemporary to ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt — 1,500 years earlier than previously believed.

More: Worcester Telegram (Assoc. Press)
Caral Peru Article.
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