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<< Our Photo Pages >> Tompullo 2 - Ancient Village or Settlement in Peru

Submitted by bat400 on Tuesday, 25 September 2012  Page Views: 2858

Multi-periodSite Name: Tompullo 2
Country: Peru
NOTE: This site is 24.161 km away from the location you searched for.

Type: Ancient Village or Settlement

Latitude: 15.7295S  Longitude: 72.7469W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4
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Tompullo 2
Tompullo 2 submitted by bat400 : Researcher at the entrance to one of the Tompullo chullpas (tombs.) Photo: Courtesy Mateusz Baca, Instytut Genetyki i Biotechnologii, University of Warsaw. Site in Peru. (Vote or comment on this photo)
Ancient Settlement in Arequipa.
This Late Horizon (15-16C, Inka) was occupied for only few generations. The site consists of the remains of a kallanka (a large gabled hall of one room with multiple entrances,) smaller home sites, oval enclosures (interpretted as llama and alpacha pens,) and ten chullpas (stone above ground tombs.)

The chullpas are low, rectangular structures that are very unlike the famous tower chullpas of Sillustani where Inka nobility were buried. Although the site has been looted in the past, bone samples from the chullpas have been used in DNA studies, showing that the burials were grouped into exteneded patralineal families, and that descendants of the Inca Tompullo site still live in the same area today.

Note: Access to the site is unknown. The location given comes from published research on the site, but does not reflect a specific structure.

Note: Ancient DNA reveals kinship burial patterns of a pre-Columbian Andean community
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"Tompullo 2" | Login/Create an Account | 1 comment
  
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Forensic science used to determine who's who in pre-Columbian Peru by bat400 on Monday, 24 September 2012
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Analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used to establish migration and population patterns for American indigenous cultures during the time before Columbus sailed to the Americas. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Genetics has used more detailed DNA analysis of individuals from Arequipa region to identify the family relationships and burial traditions of ancient Peru.

The social unit (ayllu) of Native South Americans is thought to be based on kin relationships. The establishment of ayllu-based communities is also associated with funereal monuments (chullpas) which are thought to be important social sites not only because of their religious importance but because they housed the venerated ayllu's ancestors. Ancestor worship and a belief in a common ancestor, central to the ayllu, still exists in the traditions of the Q'ero community.

Researchers from University of Warsaw, in collaboration with Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, used DNA analysis to reconstruct the family trees of individuals buried in six chullpas near the Coropuna volcano is southern Peru. Despite prior looting, the unique nature of this site, 4000m up the Cora Cora mountain, allowed an extraordinary preservation of human remains and of DNA within both teeth and bone.

mtDNA analysis showed that the groups were of Andean origin and indicated a 500 year continuity, up to modern Andeans, without any major impact by European colonisation.

The social structure of an aylla was established using Y (male) chromosome and autosomal microsatellites analysis, in conjunction with the mtDNA. Family connections were clearly strongest within each chullpa, since individuals buried in the same chullpa were more closely related than those buried in different chullpas, and all males buried together shared identical Y chromosome profiles. In two of the chullpas several generations of related males were found. This matches current thought that the ancient Andians would swap women between families - so called 'sister exchange' while the men retained the ancestral land.

The combinations of DNA analysis used allowed for an unprecedented level of detail in social behaviour to be discerned. In one chullpa three different Y chromosome lineages were found. Comparison of mtDNA within this chullpa suggests that two of the males had the same mother but different fathers, and the third male was related to one of the females, probably a half brother.

Mateusz Baca explained, "Our results show that this community of llama and alpaca herders was (genetically) an extended patriarchal society. The use of chullpas as family graves is consistent with the idea of ayllu-based communities based around strong kinship relationships. However, the chullpa with mixed male heritage shows that this social structure could also be flexible and the strict rules governing marriage and family could be intentionally, or unintentionally, relaxed."


Thanks to coldrum for the link. For more, see
http://www.eurekalert.org
and the original article,
"Ancient DNA reveals kinship burial patterns of a pre-Columbian Andean community" and an associated article at BioMed Central.
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