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<< Other Photo Pages >> Murray Springs - Ancient Village or Settlement in United States in The Southwest

Submitted by bat400 on Tuesday, 02 June 2015  Page Views: 6352

Multi-periodSite Name: Murray Springs Alternative Name: Murray Springs Clovis Site
Country: United States
NOTE: This site is 67.351 km away from the location you searched for.

Region: The Southwest Type: Ancient Village or Settlement
Nearest Town: Tucson, AZ  Nearest Village: Sierra Vista, AZ
Latitude: 31.573633N  Longitude: 110.182174W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
4 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
3 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
4 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
5

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Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : P1150508 Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API. (Vote or comment on this photo)
This Paleoindian site in Cochise County, Arizona dates back ca. 9000 BC. It's an ancient butchering site, and one of the strongest examples of ancient hunters using Clovis points in their pursuit of mammoth and ancient bison, horses, camels, and wolves.

The site was excavated in the 1960's and showed the weapon points, tool fragments, and animal bones together in context. More recently the site has been used as evidence, alternately supporting and not supporting, for a comet impact being responsible for the Younger Dryas cold period.

The site is on public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management. A half km interpretive trail takes you to various exhibits. The trail connects to others that can take you to the San Pedro River, 4-5 km to the east.

More photos in this Flickr group by Scott Jones - Murray Springs Clovis Site
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Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : P1150512 Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : P1150507 Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : Welcome sign a bit the worse for wear Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : Information board Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API. (Vote or comment on this photo)

Murray Springs
Murray Springs submitted by Flickr : P1150513 Image copyright: rscottjones (Scott Jones), hosted on Flickr and displayed under the terms of their API.

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"Murray Springs" | Login/Create an Account | 2 News and Comments
  
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Transmission of Cultural Variants in the North American Paleolithic by Andy B on Tuesday, 02 June 2015
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[not sure if this is the best site page for this as the examples in the paper are mainly eastern USA...]

North American fluted stone projectile points occur over a relatively short time span, ca. 13,300–11,900 calBP, referred to as the Early Paleoindian period. One long-standing topic in Paleoindian archaeology is whether variation in the points is the result of drift or adaptation to regional environments.

Studies have returned apparently conflicting results, but closer inspection shows that the results are not in conflict. At one scale—the overall pattern of flake removal—there appears to have been an early continent-wide mode of point manufacture, but at another scale—projectile-point shape—there appears to have been regional adaptive differences.

In terms of learning models, the Early Paleoindian period appears to have been characterized by a mix of indirect-bias learning at the continent-wide level and guided variation at the regional level, the latter a result of continued experimentation with hafting elements and other point characters to match the changing regional environments. Close examination of character-state changes allows a glimpse into how Paleoindian knappers negotiated the design landscape in terms of character-state optimality of their stone weaponry.

https://www.academia.edu/12235135/Transmission_of_Cultural_Variants_in_the_North_American_Paleolithic
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What Brought About The Demise Of Clovis Hunters And Their Prey? by bat400 on Thursday, 15 April 2010
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submitted by coldrum -
University of Arizona researchers revisited evidence of a cataclysmic event thought by many scientists to have wiped out the North American megafauna and Clovis hunter-gatherer culture some 13,000 years ago. The team obtained findings following a multidisciplinary approach.

"The idea of an extraterrestrial impact driving the Pleistocene extinction event caused a stir in the scientific community," said C. Vance Haynes, School of Anthropology and the department of geosciences, the study's lead author. "We revisited the evidence for an impact scenario and discovered it just does not hold up."

When the last ice age came to an end a sudden cooling period, the Younger Dryas, reversed the warming process. Even though this cooling period lasted only for 1300 years, the large mammals disappearance. The big question, said Haynes, is ‘Why did those animals go extinct in a short geological timeframe?'"

One of the best Clovis sites is the Murray Springs where archaeologists have unearthed hundreds of artifacts. "When you look at the sediments, you see this black layer (Black Mat). It contains the fossilized remains of a massive algae bloom, indicating a period of water table rise and cool climate that kept the moisture in the soil. Below the Black Mat, you find all kinds of fossils from [animals], but above it - nothing."

Some ascribe it to the rapid shift toward cooler and dryer weather, causing widespread droughts. Haynes disagrees. "We find evidence of big changes in climate not associated with widespread extinctions."

The two attempts to account for the mass extinction prevailing at this point include humans and celestial bodies. Many deem it possible that humans hunted the big mammals to extinction. Alternatively, it is thought that a comet or asteroid slammed into the Great Lakes area. Dust kicked high into the atmosphere could have shrouded the Earth in a blanket, causing temperatures to plummet.

Haynes and his coworkers set out to test the evidence for impact scenario:
*High concentrations of spherical magnetic particles in soil samples taken at the Murray Springs Clovis site.
*A spike in the Black Mat's iridium content - an element rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites. Nanodiamonds had been suggested as evidence of an extraterrestrial origin.
*Supposedly abundant charcoal content, cited as evidence of widespread wildfires in the impact aftermath.

Haynes collected at the same locations in the Black Mat layer as the team proposing the impact scenario.
*The team did find abundant magnetic spherules. Was a meteorite the only possible source?
Magnetic spherules of terrestrial origin (exhaust, power plants,) are found in rooftop dirt. "We confirmed the other authors' findings that the magnetic spherules are concentrated in samples at the Clovis site, but when you study the topography, you see why: Rain washed them down into a river bed; they accumulated over time. Samples from the slopes do not have higher than normal concentrations."
*What about the charcoal indicating vegetation burning? "The only places we found charcoal were the hearths of the Clovis people, where they build their fires."
*Origin of the nanodiamonds? An ingredient of cosmic dust, nanodiamonds are constantly raining down onto the earth, making them unsuitable as unequivocal evidence of extraterrestrial impact.

Said Haynes. "We can say, that all of the evidence in support of the impact scenario can be sufficiently explained by earthly causes such as climate change, overhunting or a combination of both."

Does this mean Haynes and his coworkers' findings rule out a cosmic event?

"No, it doesn't," Haynes said. "It just doesn't make it very likely."

Paper: Proceedings - National Academy of Science

For more, http://www.physorg.com.
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