<< Other Photo Pages >> Los Lunas Decalogue Stone - Marker Stone in United States in The Southwest
Submitted by AKFisher on Wednesday, 16 August 2023 Page Views: 260
Modern SitesSite Name: Los Lunas Decalogue Stone Alternative Name: Los Lunas Mystery Stone, Commandment RockCountry: United States
NOTE: This site is 39.268 km away from the location you searched for.
Region: The Southwest Type: Marker Stone
Nearest Town: Los Lunas, NM
Latitude: 34.785940N Longitude: 106.99651W
Condition:
5 | Perfect |
4 | Almost Perfect |
3 | Reasonable but with some damage |
2 | Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site |
1 | Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks |
0 | No data. |
-1 | Completely destroyed |
5 | Superb |
4 | Good |
3 | Ordinary |
2 | Not Good |
1 | Awful |
0 | No data. |
5 | Can be driven to, probably with disabled access |
4 | Short walk on a footpath |
3 | Requiring a bit more of a walk |
2 | A long walk |
1 | In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find |
0 | No data. |
5 | co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates |
4 | co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map |
3 | co-ordinates scaled from a bad map |
2 | co-ordinates of the nearest village |
1 | co-ordinates of the nearest town |
0 | no data |
Internal Links:
External Links:
The Los Lunas Decalogue Stone is a large boulder on the side of Hidden Mountain, near Los Lunas, New Mexico, about 35 miles (56 km) south of Albuquerque, that bears a nine-line inscription carved into a flat panel.[1] The stone is also known as the Los Lunas Mystery Stone or Commandment Rock. The stone is controversial in that some claim the inscription is Pre-Columbian, and therefore proof of early Semitic contact with the Americas.
The first recorded mention of the stone is in 1933, when professor Frank Hibben (1910-2002), an archaeologist from the University of New Mexico, saw it.[3] According to a 1996 interview, Hibben was "convinced the inscription is ancient and thus authentic. He report[ed] that he first saw the text in 1933. At the time it was covered with lichen and patination and was hardly visible. He claimed he was taken to the site by a guide who claimed he had seen it as a boy, back in the 1880s."[4] However, Hibben's testimony is tainted by charges that in at least two separate incidents, he fabricated some or all of his archaeological data to support his pre-Clovis migration theory.[5][6][7]
The reported 1880s date of discovery is important to those who believe that the stone is pre-Columbian. However, the Paleo-Hebrew script, which is closely related to the Phoenician script, was known to scholars by at least 1870 - thus not precluding the possibility of a modern hoax.[8]
Because of the stone's weight of over 80 tons, it was never moved to a museum or laboratory for study and safekeeping. Many visitors have cleaned the stone inscriptions over the years, likely destroying any possibility for scientific analysis of the inscriptions' patina. Nevertheless, comparing it to a modern inscription nearby, geologist George E. Morehouse, a colleague of Barry Fell, estimated that the inscription could be between 500 and 2000 years old and explaining its freshness and lack of patina as being due to frequent scrubbing to make it more visible.[9]
In April 2006, the first line of the unprotected inscription was obliterated by vandals.
Visitors to the site are required to purchase a $35 Recreational Access Permit from the New Mexico State Land Office.
Controversy:
Modern Samaritan mezuzah over doorway. Kiryat Luza, Mount Gerizim.
Archaeolinguist Cyrus Gordon has proposed that the Los Lunas Decalogue is a Samaritan mezuzah.[10] The familiar Jewish mezuzah is a tiny scroll placed in a small container mounted by the entrance to a house. The ancient Samaritan mezuzah, on the other hand, was commonly a large stone slab placed by the gateway to a property or synagogue, and bearing an abridged version of the Decalogue. On historical and epigraphic grounds, Gordon regards the Byzantine period as the most likely for the inscription. The Samaritan alphabet is a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.
One argument against the stone's antiquity is its apparent use of modern Hebrew (or otherwise atypical) punctuation,[11] though amateur epigrapher Barry Fell argued that the punctuation is consistent with antiquity.[12] Other researchers dismiss the inscription based on the numerous stylistic and grammatical errors that appear in the inscription.[11]
According to archaeologist Kenneth Feder, "the stone is almost certainly a fake." He points out that "the flat face of the stone shows a very sharp, crisp inscription..." His main concern however is the lack of any archaeological context. He argues that to get to the location of the stone would have required whoever inscribed it to have "stopped along the way, encamped, eaten food, broken things, disposed of trash, performed rituals, and so on. And those actions should have left a trail of physical archaeological evidence across the greater American Southwest, discovery of which would undeniably prove the existence of foreigners in New Mexico in antiquity with a demonstrably ancient Hebrew material culture..." and states that "There are no pre-Columbian ancient Hebrew settlements, no sites containing the everyday detritus of a band of ancient Hebrews, nothing that even a cursory knowledge of how the archaeological record forms would demand there would be. From an archaeological standpoint, that's plainly impossible."[13]
British archaeologist Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews has concluded that "Viewed dispassionately, the Los Lunas inscription is a clear, but well constructed forgery (for its day). Despite the claims of high antiquity, there are features of the text (such as the mixing of letter forms between two separate alphabets) that are much more likely to derive from the work of a modern forger than from an ancient Hebrew or Samaritan scribe." The evidence for its origin is poor, but a comparison with the Bat Creek Stone suggests that it was a Mormon forgery. The ‘Mormon Battalion’, which was part of the US Army during the Mexican War, is known to have marched from Santa Fe down the Rio Grande Valley, passing close by, and it is possible that this is the date of the inscription."[14][15]
Similar landmarks:
The Los Lunas Decalogue Stone is often grouped with the Heavener Runestone, Kensington Runestone, Dighton Rock, and the Newport Tower as examples of American landmarks with disputed provenances. Other disputed American Hebrew inscriptions include the Smithsonian Institution's Bat Creek Inscription and the Newark Ohio Decalogue Stone, Keystone, and Johnson-Bradner Stone.
Notes:
1. NM State Land Office Mystery Stone webpage
2. This claim is made, e.g., by Fell (1980, p. 167), Gordon (1995), Deal (1999) and Tabor (1997).
3. Feder (2011, p. 160)
4. Tabor (1997)
5. Preston (1995).
6. Bliss (1940).
7. Dalton (2003).
8. Webster (1870, pp. 1766-67)
9. Morehouse, George E.; "The Los Lunas Inscriptions, a Geological Study," Epigraphic Society, Occasional Publications, 13:44, 1985.
10. Gordon (1995).
11. Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews (6 September 2011). "The Los Lunas Inscription". Bad Archaeology. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
12. Fell (1985).
13. Feder (2011, pp. 159-62).
14. The Los Lunas Inscription http://www.badarchaeology.com/out-of-place-artefacts/petroglyphs-inscriptions-and-reliefs/the-los-lunas-inscription/
15. Hunter, J. Michael (2005). "The Kinderhook Plates, the Tucson Artifacts, and Mormon Archeological Zeal". Journal of Mormon History. 31 (1): 31–70. ISSN 0094-7342. JSTOR 23289247.
References:
1. Bliss, Wesley L., "A Chronological Problem Presented by Sandia Cave, New Mexico." American Antiquity, 1940a 5(3):200-201.
2. Dalton, Rex, Dalton, R (27 November 2003). "University buildings named on shaky ground". Nature. 426 (6965): 374. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..374D. doi:10.1038/426374a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 14647348..
3. Feder, Kenneth L. (2011). Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum. ABC-CLIO/Greenwood. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-313-37918-5..
4. Fell, Barry, Saga America, Times Books, 1980.
5. Fell, Barry, "Ancient Punctuation and the Los Lunas Text," Epigraphic Society, Occasional Publications, 13:35, 1985.
6. Gordon, Cyrus, "Diffusion of Near East Culture in Antiquity and in Byzantine Times," Orient 30-31 (1995), 69–81.
7. Neuhoff, Juergen, and Stan Fox, "Translation of the Los Lunas Inscription" webspage dated 1999, accessed Jan. 28, 2013.
8. New Mexico State Land Office, Mystery Stone, webpage, accessed Jan. 26, 2013.
9. Preston, Douglas, "The Mystery of Sandia Cave," New Yorker, 71 (16, June 12, 1995):66-83.
10. Tabor, James D, "An Ancient Hebrew Inscription in New Mexico: Fact or Fraud?" United Israel Bulletin, 59 (Summer 1997): 1–3. Web version crawled by Wayback Machine Dec. 2, 1998.
11. Webster, Noah, American Dictionary of the English Language, G&C Merriam, 1870.
Further reading and information:
Wikipedia
New Mexico Tourism
Directions: From Los Lunas, NM via NM-6 W, 20.9 mi.
You may be viewing yesterday's version of this page. To see the most up to date information please register for a free account.
Do not use the above information on other web sites or publications without permission of the contributor.
Nearby Images from Flickr
The above images may not be of the site on this page, but were taken nearby. They are loaded from Flickr so please click on them for image credits.
Click here to see more info for this site
Nearby sites
Click here to view sites on an interactive map of the areaKey: Red: member's photo, Blue: 3rd party photo, Yellow: other image, Green: no photo - please go there and take one, Grey: site destroyed
Download sites to:
KML (Google Earth)
GPX (GPS waypoints)
CSV (Garmin/Navman)
CSV (Excel)
To unlock full downloads you need to sign up as a Contributory Member. Otherwise downloads are limited to 50 sites.
Turn off the page maps and other distractions
Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
44.4km NNE 29° Petroglyph National Monument Rock Art
44.4km NNE 29° Petroglyph Nat. Mon.* Rock Art
47.5km NE 45° Maxwell Museum of Anthropology* Museum
48.7km NNE 31° Boca Negra Canyon* Rock Art
54.7km WNW 283° Acoma Pueblo Ancient Village or Settlement
112.5km NNE 13° Jemez Gallina Culture* Ancient Village or Settlement
117.4km NW 309° Blue J Ancient Village or Settlement
119.7km NW 307° Casamero* Ancient Village or Settlement
126.9km WNW 283° Atsinna Pueblo* Ancient Village or Settlement
128.6km NNE 31° Bandelier National Monument* Ancient Village or Settlement
128.7km NNE 30° Bandelier National Mounument - Tyuonyi* Ancient Village or Settlement
128.8km NNE 30° Bandelier National Monument - Long House* Ancient Village or Settlement
128.9km NNE 30° Bandelier National Monument - Alcove House* Ancient Village or Settlement
141.7km NW 315° Kin Ya'a* Ancient Village or Settlement
146.0km NNW 335° Pueblo Pintado* Ancient Village or Settlement
149.5km NNE 28° Puye Cliff Dwellings* Cave or Rock Shelter
159.0km NNW 330° Chaco Culture NHP - Wijiji Ancient Village or Settlement
160.2km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP- Fajada Butte* Rock Art
160.9km NNW 331° Chaco Culture NHP* Ancient Village or Settlement
161.7km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP - Una Vida* Ancient Village or Settlement
161.7km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP - Una Vida Petroglyph site* Rock Art
164.1km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP - Hungo Pavi* Ancient Village or Settlement
164.1km NNW 328° Chaco Culture NHP - Tsin Kletzin* Ancient Village or Settlement
165.9km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP - Casa Rinconada* Ancient Temple
166.2km NNW 329° Chaco Culture NHP - Chetro Ketl* Ancient Village or Settlement
View more nearby sites and additional images