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<< Text Pages >> Hinds Cave - Cave or Rock Shelter in United States in The Southwest

Submitted by bat400 on Sunday, 20 February 2011  Page Views: 6174

Natural PlacesSite Name: Hinds Cave Alternative Name: 41VV456
Country: United States
NOTE: This site is 93.832 km away from the location you searched for.

Region: The Southwest Type: Cave or Rock Shelter
Nearest Town: Del Rio, TX  Nearest Village: La Panda
Latitude: 29.890000N  Longitude: 101.44W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
no data Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4
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Rock Shelter in Val Verde County, Texas.
The rock shelter is south facing and roughly 40m wide by 25m deep, and lies about a mile from the Pecos River. Occupied from 7200 BC to 180 AD, the dry site is noteworthy for the many preserved organic artifacts including discarded stone and bone tools, cord sandals, grass bedding, basket fragments, food refuse and coprolites.

At various times the people living here floored the shelter with layers of leaves or cactus pads (spines removed.)
Excavations in the 1970's have resulted in research ever since. Fragments of plant and animal remnants in the fossilized feces have been used to deduce the health and lifestyle of the ancient inhabitants.
The site is on private property and it not accessible by the general public. The University of Texas maintains a Hinds Cave listing at their Texas Beyond History website.

Note: Researcher finds oldest known domesticated dog in Americas - it's what's for dinner.
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Researcher finds oldest known domesticated dog in Americas by bat400 on Sunday, 20 February 2011
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A University of Maine graduate student has discovered evidence of the oldest identifiable domestic dog in the Americas.

Samuel Belknap III, a graduate research assistant working under the direction of Kristin Sobolik in UMaine’s Department of Anthropology and Climate Change Institute, found a 9,400-year-old skull fragment of a domestic dog during analysis of an intact human paleofecal sample.

The fact that the bone was found in human waste provides the earliest proof that humans in the New World used domesticated dogs as food sources.

“This is an important scientific discovery that can tell us not only a lot about the genetic history of dogs but of the interactions between humans and dogs in the past,” said Belknap. “Not only were they most likely companions as they are today, they served as protection, hunting assistants, and also as a food source.”

Belknap’s discovery will first be documented in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology as well as other scientific journals.
At the time Belknap found the bone, he had not set out to discover anything new about ancient animals, but was instead conducting his thesis research on ancient diet and nutrition of humans during the Holocene Era in the Lower Pecos Region of Texas.

“It so happens that this person who lived 9,400 years ago was eating dog,” Belknap said. “It just goes to show that sometimes, great scientific discoveries come not when we are looking for specific answers but when we are thorough we are in our examination of the evidence and open to what data it provides.”

He discovered the bone, known as BE-20, during the 2009-2010 academic school year while examining a paleofecal sample recovered in the 1970s from Hinds Cave, a major archeological site in southwest Texas near the Mexico border.

Belknap and fellow graduate student Robert Ingraham first visually identified the bone as a fragment of the right occipital condyle, the place where the skull articulates with the atlas vertebra of the spine.

The bone was then sent to University of Oklahoma researcher Cecil Lewis, who runs the Molecular Anthropology Ancient DNA Laboratory, for DNA analysis. The DNA analysis from the lab, along with a 2002 genetic study of archaeological dog specimens, supported the conclusion that BE-20 is from a domestic dog rather than a wolf, coyote or fox, and is closely related to a species of Peruvian dog.

The age of the bone and fecal material was confirmed by directly dating the sample using Accelerated Mass Spectrometric Radiocarbon Dating. Direct dating is crucial to the discovery, Belknap said.

“For a long time there were several dog bones from Jaguar Cave in Idaho that were believed to be over 11,000 years old, but once they were directly dated they were found to be only 1,000 to 3000 years old,” he said. Although 9,400 years is considered ancient in the Americas, the remains of domesticated dogs in Europe have been identified to be well in excess of 10,000 years old.

Belknap said based on the size of the bone, which was about a centimeter-and-a-half long and one centimeter across, the dog might have been 25-30 pounds.

Belknap’s find also provides the earliest direct evidence for dog as a source of food for human consumption. According to historic ethnographic studies, dogs were consumed either in times of desperation or times of celebration. From the time of this artifact, although it is known that dogs were also held in some sort of regard – domestic dogs have been found buried whole at sites from around the same era – it is unknown whether this particular dog was viewed as a sort of pet, used as a form of security, or raised for a food source.



Thanks to coldrum for the article. For more, see http://www.physorg.com.
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