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<< Our Photo Pages >> St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) - Ancient Cross in England in Leicestershire and Rutland

Submitted by TimPrevett on Friday, 22 March 2019  Page Views: 10406

Early Medieval (Dark Age)Site Name: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) Alternative Name: St. Mary and St. Hardulph
Country: England County: Leicestershire and Rutland Type: Ancient Cross
Nearest Town: Breedon on the Hill
Map Ref: SK4055723335
Latitude: 52.806049N  Longitude: 1.399816W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
2 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
5 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
4 Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
5

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Anne T visited on 15th Mar 2019 - their rating: Cond: 3 Amb: 5 Access: 4 St Mary & St Hardulph, Breedon on the Hill: This church is visible from miles around, perched on top of its hill, which used to be an Iron Age hillfort (The Bulwarks). Most of the fortifications have been quarried away, and at the eastern side of the church there is a steep drop down into a large quarry, protected by a substantial metal fence and barbed wire. This is also the site of a beacon. We arrived on a day when there was a weather warning for high winds, and my goodness, the winds were high. Other walkers were sitting in their cars in the small car park at the viewpoint, whilst we struggled to open the car doors and braved the winds to walk up to the south porch to let ourselves into the church! I am glad I had my husband with me, as the wind made the outer porch door rattle badly and it sounded as if a group of people were standing just outside the door having a muffled conversation. Very spooky, although the atmosphere in the church was friendly and welcoming, and I could have spent several more hours here. There is a church guide with a plan of the stones, but not all of them are included individually. I went armed with a copy of A W Clapham's paper "The Carved Stones at Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire, and their position in the History of English Art". I had problems linking his descriptions with the actual stones, so ended up making my own drawing and labelling the stones and photo numbers, so it was easier to 'unpick' once I was at home. I could have spent at least several more hours here, but time was pressing, and I left reluctantly, to brave the wind yet again!

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Anglo Saxon Sculptured Stones in Leicestershire and Rutland England. This is the a close up of part of the impressive Clapham Breedon 1, a narrow frieze 7 ins wide running the full width of the chancel "consisting of a conventionalised vine-scroll with single and trefoiled leaves of hollow-cut type". The carvings, whilst slightly worn and damaged in parts, are still crisp and clear. (Vote or comment on this photo)
An Anglo Saxon cross shaft, and many other contemporary fragments at St Mary and St Hardulf's, Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire. Whilst the church as it exists today is largely 13th century, it incorporates remains of the Medieval Priory Church of Breedon Priory and many 8th and 10th century Saxon sculptured stones.

The church is recorded as Pastscape Monument No. 315449, and also listed as Historic England List ID 1361364.

More information can be found in the Antiquarian paper by A.W. Clapham, entitled "The Carved Stones at Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire, and their position in the History of English Art", available for download in pdf format from the University of Leicester website. A list of further reference material can be found at The Story of St. Mary and St. Hardulph Church: References. Professor Rosemary Cramp also has a paper New Directions in the Study of Anglo Saxon Sculpture, also from the University of Leicester website, which includes information about the Breedon panels, together with details of Asfordy, Harson and Sproxton.

The church is usually unlocked during daylight hours. There is parking next to the gate into the churchyard at its eastern end. The church has its own website - see Leicestershire and Rutland Churches: Breedon on the Hill.
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St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Anglo Saxon Sculptured Stones in Leicestershire and Rutland England. This group of three saints is part of the group described as panel 13 in the church guide, and Clapham's panel 23. Sitting just to the south (right) of the half-length figure giving a blessing, this panel was deep in shadow and tucked behind a prayer tree at the time of our visit. The saints have haloed heads, drilled eyes and s... (Vote or comment on this photo)

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Anglo Saxon Sculptured Stones in Leicestershire and Rutland England. This is the panel described as no. 11 in the church guide and Clapham's panel no. 2. Wedged in the space between the east end of the sanctuary and the north wall of the nave, between the arch of the pillar and a drain, "this fragment depicts a fine section of interlace followed by a mounted warrior armed with a spear forever now ... (2 comments - Vote or comment on this photo)

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Anglo Saxon Sculptured Stones in Leicestershire and Rutland England. This panel, described in the Church Guide as panel 12, is high up on the east wall of the north aisle. It "was only discovered in renewing the plaster work here a few years ago. It depicts three birds set in a vine scroll with backturned heads pecking at the grapes and relates to another such bird in the tower (no. 19)". (Vote or comment on this photo)

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Progressing eastwards down the original north wall of the church, this panel is described in the Church Guide as panel 8, Clapham panel no. 5: "inhabited vine scroll panel enclosing griffins and birds". The middle figure looks like a human figure with arms braced against the vine scroll. (Vote or comment on this photo)

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : This photograph is at such a peculiar angle as the panel is sited against the south side of the organ loft, again next to the arch of the pillar. We didn't have access to the organ loft, so had to resort to photographing this as best I could (in fact my photograph of the panel on the north wall was so blurred, it's been omitted from the sequence here). This end frieze piece "depicts a bird in vine...

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Working westwards down the original south wall of the nave, this is the next panel is the sequence, described in the Church Guide as panel 4, Clapham 10 (?): "another inhabited vine panel in which the usual circular tendrils of the vine have been made more elliptical to enclose five charming animals stepping between the stems with curious nob-like heads and Celtic spiral coils terminating their ma...

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Working westwards down the south wall of the original south wall of the church, between the arches of the pillars, this panel is described in the Church Guide as panel 3, Clapham 9 (?) - "the next panel is inhabited vine scroll again enclosing two winged griffin-like beasts and two birds very similar to those in the previous panel (Church Guide no 2)".

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : This frieze block is set between the arches "high on the walls of the main body of the church" on its southern side. At its eastern end, this block is described in the Church Guide as panel 2 and Clapham 8 (?), "a vine scroll type enclosing a little human figure bracing his arms against the vine stems followed by two opposite facing cock birds. The blank end of this block suggests it was the begin...

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : On the south wall of the tower two different sets of friezes are inset into the top of the wall. This is the easternmost section of the bottom frieze, described as '18. Under The Tower' in the church guide - "a section of Greek Key pattern, followed by two dog-like creatures". This photo shows just part of the Greek Key pattern.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : On the south wall of the tower two different sets of friezes are inset into the top of the wall. This is the moving towards the westernmost section of the top frieze, described as '18. Under The Tower' in the church guide - a good length of narrow vine scroll patterns. Water has been trickling over the frieze at this point from a leaky joint in the roof.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : On the south wall of the tower two different sets of friezes are inset into the top of the wall. This is the easternmost section of the top frieze, described as '18. Under The Tower' in the church guide - a good length of narrow vine scroll patterns.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : On the north wall of the tower, this is a the eastern part of a length of "ring chain interlace frieze followed by a lozenge of key panel, much used in Celtic Art … the panel ends with a bird pecking grapes in a vine scroll".

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The tallest of the three cross shaft fragments in the western end of the north aisle. Described as part of Group 20 in the church guide, it "was re-used as a staircase step before being rescued in restoration a few years ago. It largely comprises of rather clumsy late style interlace and degenerate vine scroll".

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The eastern sides and front of the easternmost cross fragment of Group 20 in the church guide, nearest to the Shirley Pew at the west end of the north aisle. This face is described as "one face has bold interlace cables". The photograph is angled as this is the only way I could squeeze me and the camera between the pew and the stone to get any photograph!

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : This is the front of the eastern most cross shaft fragment, nearest to the Shirley Pew. Part of group 20 in the church guide. Described as: "one face has bold interlace cables wile the remaining three depict various dragon-like beasts so beloved of Saxon/Danish art. One (this face) with his head nearly missing dances on four three-toed feet … described by Sir Alfred Clapham as a Merovingian Beas...

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Trying to show the northern face of the westernmost cross in the group of three at the west end of the north aisle (there wasn't a huge amount of space to get me and the camera between it and the wall!). The bottom of the panel shows interlacing/knotwork, with the top part perhaps an angel with wings.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The eastern face of the westernmost cross in the group of three at the west end of the north aisle (described as '20' in the Church Guide'). This face also shows two panels, the top being a mounted warrior, the lower intertwined beasts. The Church Guide says "it may be that it is a cross set up by a newly converted Dane depicting pagans and Christian themes, perhaps trying to make sure of entry in...

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The front and western sides of the westernmost fragment of the group of three cross shaft pieces in the west end of the north aisle. The western side shows the remains of an "obliterated Saint, just a halo survives".

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The southern side of the cross at the western side of the group of three cross shaft fragments at the west end of the north aisle. Described as group '20' in the church guide, the top panel depicts a warrior being offered a drinking horn from a hooded figure ("very like the pagan entry in Valhalla"); the lower panel shows Adam and Eve, the serpent and the tree of knowledge.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The 6th, westernmost, of the panels in this frieze, in the south wall of the south aisle. It appears to be a continuation of the previous panel (stone 5) with cock like birds strutting and displaying.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The 5th stone of 6th, from its eastern end, of the frieze in the south wall of the south aisle. Described as part of group 16 in the Church Guide, this panel has "a lively, though worn group of cock like birds with drilled hole body decoration strutting and displaying across the panel".

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The 4th stone of 6, from the eastern end of the frieze, with key pattern. In the south wall of the south aisle, described as Group 16 in the Church Guide.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : Stone 3 of 6 in the frieze on the south wall of the south aisle (from its eastern end). Part of Group 16 described in the Church Guide. The photograph of these frieze in Clapham's paper show a different arrangement of panels, with another above the frieze. This panel also shows Anglian beasts, but is not as worn as the 2nd panel.

St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)
St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) submitted by Anne T : The eastern terminal stone of the frieze in the south wall of the south aisle, stone 1 of 6 in this frieze. As Clapham points out, the interlace pattern at the eastern edge of the stone has been partly destroyed by the carved heads (Clapham panel no. 26, Church Guide reference Group 16). The heads on the end of the stone are barely visible until you peer closer into the dark gap in the wall.

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 55m SE 130° The Bulwarks (Breedon on the Hill)* Hillfort (SK406233)
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 9.6km SE 141° Hanging Stone (Leicestershire) Natural Stone / Erratic / Other Natural Feature (SK467160)
 9.9km SE 133° Grey Hangman Stone* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SK47951665)
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"St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill)" | Login/Create an Account | 10 News and Comments
  
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A tour of Breedon Church, 18th July, 2:00pm by Andy B on Friday, 14 June 2019
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A tour of Breedon Church, 18th July, 2:00pm

Breedon Church stands within the earthworks of an Iron Age hillfort and was the site of an Anglo-Saxon monastery founded in the 7th century and refounded as an Augustinian Priory in the 12th century. It has one of the finest collections of Anglo-Saxon sculpture anywhere in the country. The church itself is an intriguing structure with many mysteries yet to be solved. It also contains some fine tombs of the Shirley family from nearby Staunton Harold Hall. The tour by Peter Liddle will look at the church, the sculpture, tombs and conclude with a walk around the surcving ramparts of the hillfort.
Fees information

The tour will cost £4 with children free. All monies will help to pay for the Leicestershire and Rutland Festival of Archaeology.
https://festival.archaeologyuk.org/events/tour-breedon-church-1553773121
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Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Hatty on Wednesday, 10 April 2019
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Lovely Norman carvings. Dunno why anyone would attribute the stone carvings to relatively crude 'Saxon' or even 'Danish' masons. Stylistically as well as architecturally they are exemplars of French medieval stonework.
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    Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Anne T on Friday, 12 April 2019
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    Intriguing, Hatty. I'd be interested to see what evidence and examples you have to enable us to 'contrast and compare' to evaluate your statement. Are you saying you are discounting all the archaeological evidence for Anglo Saxon activity/buildings on this site prior to the existence of the current church, together with the opinions of a number of eminent people in their field who have studied these panels in detail?
    [ Reply to This ]
      Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Sunny100 on Friday, 12 April 2019
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      There was a Saxon monastery here, founded by St Hardulf (Eardulph) in the 7th or 8th century, so undoubtedly there would have been a Saxon cross and other carved fragments from that era, but also later Norman carvings too.
      [ Reply to This ]
      Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Hatty on Saturday, 13 April 2019
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      Dear Anne and Sunny100, Could you please be a little clearer about what evidence you have for the claim that Breedon was '7th or 8th century'? Archaeologists haven't found any Anglo-Saxon remains, reporting that "No remains of the Saxon church survive in situ". The Pastscape site simply states "Mainly 13th century church incorporating remains of Mediaeval priory church of Breedon Priory."

      The identification of Breedon as a 'Saxon monastery' relies entirely upon documentary evidence, as opposed to physical evidence. The earliest record that can be verified is the reference to a 12th century Augustinian priory, viz: "Circa 1109-22, the church was granted to Nostell Priory as an Augustinian Canonical Cell." There is, it is true, a land charter, S72, 'dated by scholars to 680', but it has been described as spurious by all the manuscript specialists http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/72.html
      [ Reply to This ]
        Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Sunny100 on Saturday, 13 April 2019
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        However, Nigel & Mary Kerr in their work 'A Guide to Anglo-Saxon Sites' published by Paladin (Granada Publishing), 1982, tell us: "A Christian church has stood on this site for at least 1,300 years. Excavations of the site have revealed traces of an early Christian cemetery to the east of the church. A monastery was founded here in around 675 by King Aethelbert, son of the pagan Penda. The Anglo Saxon buildings have largely disappeared, though it is possible that the nave walls are original..... This suggests that the nave walls are therefore of 8th Century date and formed part of the early plan....Some illustrations of the 8th Century frieze-work are included here, but it is impossible to do justice to its diversity".
        [ Reply to This ]
        Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Hatty on Sunday, 14 April 2019
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        A cemetery is not a monastery. The earliest archaeological remains are 12th century as far as the archaeology reports are concerned. This has to be accepted as definitive surely. The claim that there was an earlier Anglo-Saxon monastery here is mere speculation unless you can produce evidence to the contrary.
        [ Reply to This ]
      Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Hatty on Sunday, 14 April 2019
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      Anne, I mustn't go on too much about asking for evidence because one of the moderators on this site has already moved my posts elsewhere for being, er, speculative... I'm not sure whether he'd read up on the archaeological findings (prehistoric, Roman and Medieval i.e.1200 and later; A-S: none) but, I find, eminent people tend to quote one another rather more than the evidence. Not surprising really when, as is the case here, there doesn't appear to be any.
      [ Reply to This ]
        Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon on the Hill) by Anne T on Sunday, 14 April 2019
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        Hatty: Not wishing to be difficult, but the administrator who moved your previous comments about the Govan Stones to the Forum was correct, as "The(se) site pages are not really the place for speculative discussions, so I'm moving some posts to this forum". If you would like a proper discussion about archaeological dating, evidence, etc, about Breedon, The Govan Stones, and other sites whose dates you've queried, it would be correct to create a Forum thread rather than continue adding to the comments section here. Using the Forum has the advantage that anyone who is interested can contribute and the issue can be debated.

        To open up a Forum thread, click on the 'Forum' tab on the ribbon above, select the Forum you think is most suitable (The Govan Stones is in the Sacred Sites and Mysteries section), then click on 'new' to start the thread.
        [ Reply to This ]

Re: St Mary and St Hardulf (Breedon...) by TimPrevett on Monday, 03 September 2007
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Excellent page on the Anglo Saxon carvings here

http://www.benefice.org.uk/breedon_church/the_breedon_story/part_07.php
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