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Lost Secrets - an adventure during Neolithic times

Monuments and Landscape in Atlantic Europe, Scarre

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<< Other Photo Pages >> Parpalló Cave - Cave or Rock Shelter in Spain in Comunidad Valenciana

Submitted by Andy B on Monday, 13 September 2021  Page Views: 1943

Natural PlacesSite Name: Parpalló Cave Alternative Name: Cueva del Parpalló, Cova del Parpalló
Country: Spain Region: Comunidad Valenciana Type: Cave or Rock Shelter

Latitude: 39.004320N  Longitude: 0.27165W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
4 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
4 Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
4

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Parpalló Cave
Parpalló Cave submitted by dodomad : A selection of analyzed plaquettes from the Parpalló collection showing red and yellow motifs. The number under the picture corresponds to the identification code. (Vote or comment on this photo)
The Parpalló cave (Gandía, Spain) is one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in the Spanish Mediterranean region. It is characterized by portable art whose archaeological sequence covers a dilated period (26,000 to 11,000 BP) and includes plaquettes decorated with black and different shades of red and yellow pigments.

Discovery Year: 1929, First Description: Pericot García 1942

This small cave has three chambers and a narrow vertical entrance facing south. The main chamber is the largest, 5 by 6m, and the other two are rather small. Gravettian (level I), Solutrean (layers II-V), Magdalenian (layers VI-IX).

The cave is on a south facing slope of the Mondúver Range, located near Gandía, in the Valencia province, 450m above sea level and a few kilometers away from the current coastline.


Note: Analysis shows the artists in the Parpalló Cave used natural pigments made from natural iron oxides such as haematite and goethite, more in the comments on our page
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Nearby Images from Flickr
A day in Barx
A day in Barx
A day in Barx
#Monduver #Gandia #KM Vertical
IMGP0610cra
fleix 4

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Nearby sites listing. In the following links * = Image available
 9.1km ESE 117° Archaeological Museum of Gandia Museum
 52.5km WNW 283° Cuevas de la Arana* Cave or Rock Shelter
 53.6km N 350° Museu de Prehistòria de València* Museum
 74.8km N 360° Seguntum* Ancient Village or Settlement
 77.7km SW 227° Cerro de los Moros Castro or Chafurdão
 85.2km WSW 240° Tobanilla Castro or Chafurdão
 90.5km WSW 240° Abrigo del Canto de la Visera* Cave or Rock Shelter
 92.6km SSW 204° L'Alcúdia* Ancient Village or Settlement
 93.6km WSW 249° La Cueva Horadada* Cave or Rock Shelter
 93.6km WSW 249° Cantos de la Visera Rock Art
 94.3km WSW 249° Petroglifos del Arabilejo Rock Art
 94.4km WSW 249° Las Cazoletas del Arabilejo Ancient Village or Settlement
 105.6km SSW 198° La Fonteta* Ancient Village or Settlement
 109.2km NW 323° Cueva de la Vieja* Cave or Rock Shelter
 130.5km NNE 14° Mortotum* Ancient Village or Settlement
 134.3km E 95° Font den Xiquet* Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 135.7km WSW 247° El Canajo Castro or Chafurdão
 137.4km E 93° Font de Verger* Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 139.8km E 96° Sa Caleta Ancient Village or Settlement
 140.0km WSW 251° Minetada Caves* Cave or Rock Shelter
 141.5km E 90° Pou de Forada* Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 144.7km E 94° Pou Roig* Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 146.6km E 87° Font des ses Torres Holy Well or Sacred Spring
 147.5km E 94° Puig Des Molins* Museum
 150.0km E 88° Pou d’Albarqueta Holy Well or Sacred Spring
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"Parpalló Cave" | Login/Create an Account | 4 News and Comments
  
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The artists of the Parpalló Cave used natural pigments from haematite and goethite by Andy B on Tuesday, 07 September 2021
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The prehistoric artists of the Parpalló Cave used natural pigments from haematite and goethite

Analysis of the red and yellow pigments on the plaques in the Parpalló Cave (Gandía) show that they were obtained from natural iron oxides such as haematite and goethite. These compounds present themselves in combination with calcium carbonates, clays and quartz, whose presence is common in red and yellow soils.

The study, published by the scientific journal ‘Plos One’ and developed by researchers of the Universitat de València using non-destructive techniques, constitutes the first characterisation of these pigments in one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Valencian scientists have analysed the plaques in the cave (limestones with flat surface and different thicknesses), which show on their surface zoomorphic, branch-shaped and geometric representations, painted with red and yellow pigments. The Parpalló Cave covers a chronology between 23 500 and 14 000 years ago and its archeologic material is formed by engravings and paintings made in more than 5 000 plaques of limestone that show the cultural expression of the hunter-gatherer societies of the Upper Palaeolithic of the peninsular Mediterranean arc.

Clodoaldo Roldán, ICMUV’s researcher, points that the figurative motifs were made with natural pigments based on red iron oxides (hematite), yellow iron oxides (goethite) and other unspecific iron oxides from the geographical environment of the Parpalló Cave.

The analyses were performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS) and spectrophotometry in the visible region, and have been carried out in situ in the Prehistory Museum of Valencia, where the pieces are stored. They complete another study carried out three years ago, which focused on the black pigments on the plaques in the same cave.
The study has also as an objective the analysis of the evolution of the pigments’ colour, checking if they degrade and how much they do it.

The spectrophotometer (also named colorimeter) is the tool that details which tones have been used on the plaques of the Parpalló Cave. These chromaticity coordinates, analysed over time, will allow us to know if the drawings lose intensity or brightness and how much they do it. Currently the plaques from the archaeological site are in the Prehistory Museum of Valencia, in storage boxes or display cases. "If after a time there is no variation of the chromaticity coordinates, that means there is no colour degradation" completes Clodoaldo Roldán.
Valentín Villaverde, full university professor of Prehistory, Archaeology and Ancient History and member of the research team, has pointed that the results "confirm that in this site were used the same techniques and dyes that have been identified so far in the analysis of painted cave figures from the same timeline. This coincidence turns to be very interesting, since it is an argument of the similarity of the procedures used during the Palaeolithic in the portable and the cave art”.

Article:
Roldán García C, Villaverde Bonilla V, Ródenas Marín I, Murcia Mascarós S (2016) A Unique Collection of Palaeolithic Painted Portable Art: Characterization of Red and Yellow Pigments from the Parpalló Cave (Spain). PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163565

Source: https://www.uv.es/uvweb/master-archaeology/en/departments-news/prehistoric-artists-parpallo-cave-used-natural-pigments-haematite-goethite-1285923325250/Novetat.html?id=1285984677279
[ Reply to This ]
    Manufacturing Painted Portable Art: An Experimental Approach by Andy B on Tuesday, 07 September 2021
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    Abstract author(s): Cantó, Ana (Dpto. de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València. PREMEDOC) - Rosso,
    Daniela Eugenia (Dpto. de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València. PREMEDOC; CNRS - CEPAM UMR
    7264, Université Côte d’Azur) - Roldán García, Clodoaldo - Murcia Mascarós, Sonia (Institute of Material Science - ICMUV, Uni-
    versity of Valencia) - Villaverde, Valentín (Dpto. de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València. PREMEDOC)

    In recent years, experimental approaches to the analysis of Palaeolithic art have been widely developed in the literature. However,
    few studies focus on pigment application techniques used for the manufacture of painted portable art. Evidence recovered in the
    Upper Palaeolithic levels of Parpalló Cave, Gandía, Spain, shows that painted plaquettes were produced using a variety of techniques
    that were never studied in detail. Here we present results obtained during our first experimental sessions. We used different tech-
    niques to apply ochre-rich compounds on experimental limestome plaquettes recovered in the surroundings of the cave, focusing
    on three main phases of the painted plaquette chaîne opératoire: (1) the preparation of the support before the application of pig-
    ment, (2) the production of pigment compounds of different densities and textures and (3) the application of pigment compound
    using a variety of techniques and tools. By using this experimental approach, we will we hope to be able to better understand the
    complexity and variety of technological processes involved in the creation of painted portable art.

    Source: EAA Conference 2021
    [ Reply to This ]

The Horses At The Parpalló Cave (Gandia,valència, Spain)- Romain Pigeaud by Andy B on Tuesday, 07 September 2021
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The Horses At The Parpalló Cave (Gandia,valència, Spain)- Romain Pigeaud

We studied 165 engraved plaquettes of the Parpalló cave. 115 of them with one or several horses. The evolution in representing horsesfollows the same « heavy » tendency that Villaverde showed up. It is possible, however, to make evident two sub-tendencies : one isthe growing thickness of the strokes; the other one is the setting of volume by accentuation of multiple and repeated strokes Thistendency to develop the volume is in correlation with the lengthening of the neck and a dynamic representation of the breast, in anoblique line and projected forwards. We just want to point out an interesting phenomenon, a tendency, concomitance, at the Solutreo-Gravettian, of changings in the nutrition, the lithic culture and the manners to represent horses, more dynamic and projected forwards.These conventions which we can observe too on other represented animal species, can be found too in andalusian sites, 500 km southfrom Valencia, considered partly as contemporaneous of this cultural phase : the caves of La Trinidad at Ardalès and at Nerja.

Paper available at
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00350627
or
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00350627/document
[ Reply to This ]

The Parpalló Cave: A singular archaeological acoustic site by Andy B on Tuesday, 07 September 2021
(User Info | Send a Message)
The Parpalló Cave: A singular archaeological acoustic site
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123(5):3608
DOI:10.1121/1.2934790

The Parpallo Cave is located in the slopes of Montduber, in Valencia (Spain). It is one of the most important Palaeolithic sites, not only in Spain, but in the world. It was a privileged location for its inhabitants from the Upper Palaeolithic onwards. It has one of the most spectacular collections of Palaeolithic art mobilier found to date. The Parpallo cave features a considerably large opening which, undoubtedly, influences its acoustic properties. Indeed, the sound pressure field inside the cave is not excessively reverberant and intelligibility is significantly better than in similar enclosures. In this work a study of the acoustic properties of the Parpallo cave is performed by using numerical simulation.

PDF available at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5325225_The_Parpallo_Cave_A_singular_archaeological_acoustic_site
or
http://nojigon.webs.upv.es/pdf/2008-JASA-Jimenez-The_Parpallo_Cave.pdf
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